Matulaitis Kęstutis, Skarbalius Antanas, Abrantes Catarina, Gonçalves Bruno, Sampaio Jaime
Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Research Center in Sport Sciences, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2019 Jul 16;10:1677. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01677. eCollection 2019.
Optimizing basketball performance during the stages of long-term athlete development require to identify the trainability and variation of specific technical skills, when adjusting for anthropometric changes. The aim of this study was to describe differences in height, body mass, arm span, and technical-related fitness (movement, dribbling, shooting) along the long-term development of 7-17 years Lithuanian basketball players. This cross-sectional analysis involved a total of 1051 basketball players from the Sabonis Basketball Center in Lithuania. Testing sessions were performed during 1 day of the competition period in an indoor court. The participants performed technical-related fitness tests to assess dribbling (control dribble, 20 m dribble, two balls of 20 m dribble, Illinois agility dribble), shooting (30 free-throw shoots, 1 min shooting, modified medium and long-range shots, close range shots) and defensive movements. The dribbling skills had substantial improvements (7 to 8-years-old: 20 m sprint with dribbling, effect size = 1.86; control dribble effect size = 2.18; 9 to 10-year-old: 20 m sprint with dribbling, effect size = 1.85; Illinois agility test with dribbling effect size = 1.82). Changes in defensive movement occurred mostly at the 14-15-age period. The best periods to develop dribbling and shooting skills were between 7-10 and 12-13 years, whereas defensive movements can be trained in later adolescent years. Current results and consequent normative profiles, presented as percentile tables, allow to accurately follow the players' development.
在运动员长期发展的各个阶段优化篮球表现，需要在考虑人体测量学变化的同时，确定特定技术技能的可训练性和变异性。本研究的目的是描述7至17岁立陶宛篮球运动员在长期发展过程中身高、体重、臂展以及与技术相关的体能（移动、运球、投篮）的差异。这项横断面分析共纳入了立陶宛萨博尼斯篮球中心的1051名篮球运动员。测试在比赛期间的1天内在室内球场进行。参与者进行了与技术相关的体能测试，以评估运球（控球、20米运球、双球20米运球、伊利诺伊敏捷运球）、投篮（30次罚球、1分钟投篮、改良中远距离投篮、近距离投篮）和防守移动。运球技能有显著提高（7至8岁：20米运球冲刺，效应量=1.86；控球效应量=2.18；9至10岁：20米运球冲刺，效应量=1.85；伊利诺伊敏捷运球测试效应量=1.82）。防守移动的变化主要发生在14至15岁期间。发展运球和投篮技能的最佳时期是7至10岁和12至13岁之间，而防守移动可以在青少年后期进行训练。以百分位数表形式呈现的当前结果和相应的规范概况，有助于准确跟踪球员的发展情况。
