Missirian Anouch, Frank Eyal G, Gersony Jess T, Wong Jason C Y, Naeem Shahid
School of International and Public Affairs Columbia University New York New York.
Harris School of Public Policy University of Chicago Chicago Illinois.
Ecol Evol. 2019 May 22;9(12):6949-6958. doi: 10.1002/ece3.5262. eCollection 2019 Jun.
The influence of temperature on diversity and ecosystem functioning is well studied; the converse however, that is, how biodiversity influences temperature, much less so. We manipulated freshwater algal species diversity in microbial microcosms to uncover how diversity influenced primary production, which is well documented in biodiversity research. We then also explored how visible-spectrum absorbance and the local thermal environment responded to biodiversity change. Variations in the local thermal environment, that is, in the temperature of the immediate surroundings of a community, are known to matter not only for the rate of ecosystem processes, but also for persistence of species assemblages and the very relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In our microcosm experiment, we found a significant positive association between algal species richness and primary production, a negative association between primary production and visible-spectrum absorbance, and a positive association between visible-spectrum absorbance and the response of the local thermal environment (i.e., change in thermal infrared emittance over a unit time). These findings support an indirect effect of algal diversity on the local thermal environment pointing to a hitherto unrecognized biodiversity effect in which diversity has a predictable influence on local thermal environments.
温度对生物多样性和生态系统功能的影响已得到充分研究；然而，反之，即生物多样性如何影响温度，则研究较少。我们在微生物微观世界中操纵淡水藻类物种多样性，以揭示多样性如何影响初级生产，这在生物多样性研究中已有充分记录。然后，我们还探讨了可见光谱吸光度和局部热环境如何对生物多样性变化作出反应。局部热环境的变化，即群落直接周围环境的温度变化，已知不仅对生态系统过程的速率很重要，而且对物种组合的持久性以及生物多样性与生态系统功能之间的关系也很重要。在我们的微观世界实验中，我们发现藻类物种丰富度与初级生产之间存在显著的正相关，初级生产与可见光谱吸光度之间存在负相关，可见光谱吸光度与局部热环境的响应之间存在正相关（即单位时间内热红外发射率的变化）。这些发现支持了藻类多样性对局部热环境的间接影响，指出了一种迄今未被认识的生物多样性效应，即多样性对局部热环境有可预测的影响。
