Wirsing von König C H, Heymer B, Finger H, Emmerling P, Hof H
Institute for Hygiene and Laboratory Medicine, Municipal Hospital, Krefeld.
Infection. 1988;16 Suppl 2:S112-7. doi: 10.1007/BF01639732.
The experimental infection of murine hosts with Listeria monocytogenes is often used as a model for cell-mediated immunity. However, the natural immunity or non-specific resistance to listeriosis can be influenced by the parasite itself and also by a wide array of endogenous and exogenous host factors. The most important host factor in inbred mouse strains is their genetically determined susceptibility or resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. Secondly, the age of the mice is crucial for the outcome of infection. Resistance is only slowly developed by newborn mice, while aged mice possess an increased non-specific resistance as compared to young adult animals. Resistance is further influenced by the nutritional status, by pregnancy or by a simultaneous second antigenic stimulation. Regarding exogenous factors, macrophage blocking agents can totally abolish the resistance to listeriosis, while a lot of immunomodulating agents, such as BCG, killed Bordetella pertussis or Propionibacterium acnes organisms, lipopolysaccharides, suramin etc., can either increase or decrease the resistance. The mononuclear phagocyte system seems to be the main target of all these immunomodifiers. The timing between listeria infection and application of the immunomodulator determines the effect on non-specific resistance. A simultaneous injection of parasite and immunomodulator results in a decrease of resistance, while the application of immunoadjuvants several days before infection can dramatically increase the resistance to listeriosis. The delicate equilibrium of the mononuclear phagocyte system must therefore be taken into account, when infection with Listeria monocytogenes is used to test for immune-modifying agents, which are intended for use in humans or animals.
用单核细胞增生李斯特菌对鼠类宿主进行实验性感染，常被用作细胞介导免疫的模型。然而，对李斯特菌病的天然免疫或非特异性抵抗力，可受寄生虫本身以及多种内源性和外源性宿主因素的影响。在近交系小鼠品系中，最重要的宿主因素是其基因决定的对单核细胞增生李斯特菌的易感性或抵抗力。其次，小鼠的年龄对感染结果至关重要。新生小鼠的抵抗力发展缓慢，而老年小鼠与年轻成年动物相比，具有增强的非特异性抵抗力。抵抗力还受营养状况、妊娠或同时进行的第二次抗原刺激的影响。关于外源性因素，巨噬细胞阻断剂可完全消除对李斯特菌病的抵抗力，而许多免疫调节剂，如卡介苗、灭活的百日咳博德特氏菌或痤疮丙酸杆菌、脂多糖、苏拉明等，可增强或降低抵抗力。单核吞噬细胞系统似乎是所有这些免疫调节剂的主要作用靶点。李斯特菌感染与免疫调节剂应用之间的时间间隔决定了对非特异性抵抗力的影响。同时注射寄生虫和免疫调节剂会导致抵抗力下降，而在感染前几天应用免疫佐剂可显著增强对李斯特菌病的抵抗力。因此，当用单核细胞增生李斯特菌感染来检测用于人类或动物的免疫调节剂时，必须考虑单核吞噬细胞系统的微妙平衡。
