Gibson J B, Wilks A V
Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra City, A.C.T.
Heredity (Edinb). 1988 Jun;60 ( Pt 3):403-14. doi: 10.1038/hdy.1988.58.
Ethanol levels in Drosophila breeding sites were higher in a winery storing fortified wines than in nearby grape pressings or in orchard fruits. The relative abundance of D. simulans to D. melanogaster was negatively correlated with ethanol levels. In D. melanogaster there were no significant differences in AdhF frequency between the orchard and winery populations. The ethanol tolerance of wild caught D. melanogaster males paralleled the levels of ethanol in the breeding sites but Adh alleles and ethanol tolerance segregated largely independently of each other. Levels of ADH activity were positively associated with the ethanol tolerance of the different populations and with levels of ethanol in the breeding sites, but it is argued that the ethanol levels are not causative. Flies from inside the winery had higher ADH levels due mainly to greater amounts of ADH-F. The difference in activity persisted for at least one generation in the laboratory. After ten generations of laboratory culture the differences in ethanol tolerance were still present but there were no significant differences in ADH activity.
储存强化葡萄酒的酿酒厂中果蝇繁殖地的乙醇水平高于附近的葡萄压榨物或果园水果中的乙醇水平。拟暗果蝇与黑腹果蝇的相对丰度与乙醇水平呈负相关。在黑腹果蝇中，果园种群和酿酒厂种群的AdhF频率没有显著差异。野生捕获的黑腹果蝇雄性的乙醇耐受性与繁殖地的乙醇水平平行，但Adh等位基因和乙醇耐受性在很大程度上相互独立分离。ADH活性水平与不同种群的乙醇耐受性以及繁殖地的乙醇水平呈正相关，但有人认为乙醇水平并非因果关系。来自酿酒厂内部的果蝇具有较高的ADH水平，主要是由于ADH-F的含量更高。这种活性差异在实验室中至少持续了一代。经过十代实验室培养后，乙醇耐受性差异仍然存在，但ADH活性没有显著差异。
