Department of Psychology, Assumption College, Worcester, MA, USA.
Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2020 Feb;48(2):314-324. doi: 10.3758/s13421-019-00970-0.
Research suggests that testing prior to the presentation of misinformation influences how that misinformation is processed. The present study examined the relationship between testing, the demands of misinformation narrative processing, and memory for original and post-event information. Using response latencies to a secondary task, we tested whether prior testing influenced the available resources for secondary task processing. Additionally, we investigated whether changes in narrative processing were specific to critical details tested earlier. Participants engaged in an eyewitness memory paradigm in which half were tested prior to receiving the post-event narrative. Participants responded to the secondary task at specified time points during the narrative. All participants took a final memory test after listening to the post-event narrative. We found that testing interacted with the placement of the secondary task. When responding on the secondary task was closely linked to the presentation of previously tested critical details in the narrative, retrieval-enhanced suggestibility was reduced on tests of event memory (Experiment 1) and increased post-event information learning was revealed on tests of narrative memory (Experiment 2).
研究表明,在呈现错误信息之前进行测试会影响对错误信息的处理方式。本研究考察了测试、错误信息叙述处理的要求以及对原始和事件后信息的记忆之间的关系。我们使用次要任务的反应时来测试先前的测试是否会影响次要任务处理的可用资源。此外,我们还研究了叙述处理的变化是否特定于之前测试的关键细节。参与者参与了目击者记忆范式,其中一半在接收事件后叙述之前接受了测试。参与者在叙述过程中的指定时间点回答次要任务。所有参与者在听完事件后叙述后进行最后的记忆测试。我们发现测试与次要任务的位置相互作用。当在次要任务上的反应与叙述中之前测试的关键细节的呈现紧密相关时,对事件记忆的测试中(实验 1),检索增强的暗示性降低,而对叙述记忆的测试中(实验 2),事件后信息学习增加。