Przygodzka Marta, Mikulak Ewa, Chmielewski Tomasz, Gliniewicz Aleksandra
National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Parasitology and Vector-borne Diseases,
National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Health Promotion and Prevention of Chronic Diseases
Przegl Epidemiol. 2019;73(2):269-280. doi: 10.32394/pe.73.25.
In Poland, out of the 21 species of ticks described, two species have the greatest epidemiological significance: Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus. Their participation in the transmission of etiologic agents of vector diseases such as Lyme disease, tick-borne encephalitis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, babesiosis, rickettsiosis and many others is widely known. Due to the often severe and sometimes fatal course of diseases transmitted by ticks, a great deal of emphasis is placed on prophylactic activities, minimizing the possibility of biting and transfering pathogens along with the arachnid saliva. In addition to means of personal protection, including appropriate clothing, protective vaccinations, avoiding tick habitats or body checking after returning from this type of places, one of the most important elements of anti-tick prevention is the use of effective repellents. The key role of using the repellent is to discourage the arthropod from attacking and to prevent it from taking food, as a result of which there is no phenomenon of transmission of pathogens from the hematophage to the host organism. The most commonly used substances with arthropod repellent properties are: N-N-diethylm-toluamide (DEET), 3-(N-acetyl-N-butyl) aminopropionic acid ethyl ester (IR3535), icaridine, permethrin and essential oils. However, it should be remembered that no repellent ever protects 100% all the time after application - its use should be considered as one of many elements of personal protection in the prevention of tick bites.
在波兰，在所描述的21种蜱虫中，有两种具有最大的流行病学意义：蓖麻硬蜱和网纹革蜱。它们参与传播多种媒介疾病的病原体，如莱姆病、蜱传脑炎、人粒细胞无形体病、巴贝斯虫病、立克次体病等，这是广为人知的。由于蜱虫传播的疾病往往病程严重，有时甚至致命，因此预防活动备受重视，尽可能降低被蜱虫叮咬以及病原体随蛛形纲动物唾液传播的可能性。除了个人防护手段，包括穿着合适的衣物、进行预防性接种、避免前往蜱虫栖息地或从这类地方返回后检查身体，防蜱预防的最重要要素之一是使用有效的驱避剂。使用驱避剂的关键作用是阻止节肢动物攻击并防止其进食，从而避免出现病原体从吸血动物传播到宿主生物体的现象。最常用的具有节肢动物驱避特性的物质有：N-N-二乙基间甲苯酰胺（避蚊胺）、3-(N-乙酰基-N-丁基)氨基丙酸乙酯（IR3535）、派卡瑞丁、氯菊酯和精油。然而，应该记住，没有一种驱避剂在使用后能始终提供100%的保护——其使用应被视为预防蜱虫叮咬的个人防护众多要素之一。
