Temple University.
Child Dev. 2019 Sep;90(5):1569-1578. doi: 10.1111/cdev.13297. Epub 2019 Aug 7.
Episodic memory relies on discriminating among similar elements of episodes. Mnemonic discrimination is relatively poor at age 4, and then improves markedly. We investigated whether motivation to encode items with fine-grain resolution would change this picture of development, using an engaging computer-administered memory task in which a bird ate items that made her healthier (gain frame), sicker (loss frame), or led to no change (control condition). Using gain-loss framing led to enhanced mnemonic discrimination in 4- and 5-year-olds, but did not affect older children or adults. Despite this differential improvement, age-related differences persisted. An additional finding was that loss-framing led to greater mnemonic discrimination than gain-framing across age groups. Motivation only partially accounts for the improvement in mnemonic discrimination.
情景记忆依赖于对情景中相似元素的区分。在 4 岁时，记忆辨别能力相对较差，然后显著提高。我们研究了使用一种引人入胜的计算机管理的记忆任务，其中一只鸟吃了使她更健康的物品（增益框架）、更生病的物品（损失框架）或没有变化的物品（对照条件），以精细粒度分辨率编码项目的动机是否会改变这种发展情况。使用增益-损失框架会提高 4 岁和 5 岁儿童的记忆辨别能力，但不会影响年龄较大的儿童或成年人。尽管有这种差异改善，但仍存在与年龄相关的差异。另一个发现是，在所有年龄组中，损失框架导致的记忆辨别能力改善都大于增益框架。动机仅部分解释了记忆辨别能力的提高。
