Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore.
Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
PLoS One. 2019 Aug 7;14(8):e0220566. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220566. eCollection 2019.
The current study aimed to develop iWorkHealth, a valid and reliable self-administered instrument which identifies workplace psychosocial risk factors in Singapore.
The survey was conducted among 2718 employees who were primarily salaried workers and working in five companies from the healthcare, banking and finance, and legal sectors in Singapore. Factor extraction and item reduction were conducted using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Mokken scale analysis (MSA). Construct validity, internal consistency and convergent validity of the final scale were confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation coefficients, respectively. Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes model was used to detect Differential Item Functioning (DIF).
EFA and MSA identified a five-factor solution (job demand, job control, employee and management engagement, supervisor support and colleague support) for the 27 items iWorkHealth instrument. CFA demonstrated that the five-factor model fitted the data with high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.79 to 0.92). The convergent validity was shown through significant association with existing scales-high job demand was significantly associated with high burnout and depression, while high job control, employee and management engagement, supervisor support and coworker support were significantly associated with low burnout and depression. Ten items were detected with significant DIF, but impact was minimal on the associations between socio-demographics factors and iWorkHealth subscales.
The findings provided evidence that the iWorkHealth instrument which comprises 27 items in five domains of psychosocial risk at the workplace is a reliable and valid instrument that could be used to measure and compare the level of psychosocial risk factors across companies and industries in Singapore.
本研究旨在开发 iWorkHealth，这是一种有效的、可靠的自评工具，可识别新加坡工作场所的心理社会风险因素。
该调查在新加坡的五家公司（医疗保健、银行和金融、法律行业）中，对 2718 名主要为受薪员工进行了调查。使用探索性因子分析（EFA）和莫肯量表分析（MSA）进行因子提取和项目缩减。使用验证性因子分析（CFA）、克朗巴赫α和皮尔逊相关系数分别确认最终量表的结构效度、内部一致性和聚合效度。使用多指标多原因模型（Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes model）检测差异项目功能（Differential Item Functioning，DIF）。
EFA 和 MSA 确定了 iWorkHealth 仪器 27 个项目的五因素解决方案（工作需求、工作控制、员工和管理层参与、主管支持和同事支持）。CFA 表明，五因素模型与数据高度一致（克朗巴赫α值范围为 0.79 至 0.92）。通过与现有量表的显著关联，证明了聚合效度，高工作需求与高倦怠和抑郁显著相关，而高工作控制、员工和管理层参与、主管支持和同事支持与低倦怠和抑郁显著相关。发现有 10 个项目存在显著的 DIF，但对社会人口统计学因素与 iWorkHealth 子量表之间的关联影响很小。
研究结果表明，iWorkHealth 仪器由五个工作场所心理社会风险领域的 27 个项目组成，是一种可靠和有效的工具，可用于衡量和比较新加坡各公司和各行业的心理社会风险因素水平。
