Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2019 Dec 1;694:133486. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.292. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
Environmental monitoring has demonstrated widespread occurrence of the flame-retardant tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP), raising concerns about the impact on aquatic life. Using H NMR and GC-MS metabolomics and 20-day body length experiments, we have determined that exposure to TDCIPP affects Artemia franciscana. The LC for a 48 h TDCIPP exposure was determined to be 37.1 ± 1.3 μM. Acute exposure (48 h) to 20.0 μM did not affect A. franciscana body length but did elicit a metabolic change. Chronic exposure to 0.50 μM TDCIPP caused decreased body length in A. franciscana exposed for 20 days and elicited a metabolic response. Principal component analysis revealed variance between acute and chronic exposure along PC1 (36.4%) and between control and TDCIPP along PC2 (17.4%). One-way ANOVA indicated that 19 metabolites were significantly affected by TDCIPP exposure; namely metabolites of the osmolyte class, including betaine, phosphocholine, gadusol, taurine, glycerol and trehalose - metabolites that are essential osmoprotectants in extremophile species. Other pathways that may be perturbed by TDCIPP exposure include one carbon, glycine, serine, threonine, and glycerophospholipid metabolism.
环境监测表明，阻燃剂三（1,3-二氯-2-丙基）磷酸酯（TDCIPP）广泛存在，这引起了人们对其对水生生物影响的关注。本研究采用 H NMR 和 GC-MS 代谢组学以及 20 天体长实验，确定了 TDCIPP 暴露对卤虫（Artemia franciscana）的影响。LC50 为 37.1±1.3 μM。急性暴露（48 小时）于 20.0 μM 不会影响卤虫体长，但会引起代谢变化。慢性暴露于 0.50 μM TDCIPP 导致暴露 20 天的卤虫体长下降，并引起代谢反应。主成分分析表明，急性和慢性暴露之间沿 PC1（36.4%）以及对照和 TDCIPP 之间沿 PC2（17.4%）存在差异。单因素方差分析表明，19 种代谢物受到 TDCIPP 暴露的显著影响；即渗透调节剂类代谢物，包括甜菜碱、磷酸胆碱、gadusol、牛磺酸、甘油和海藻糖——这些是极端生物中必需的渗透保护剂。可能受到 TDCIPP 暴露影响的其他途径包括一碳、甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸和甘油磷脂代谢。
