Asha Kumari, Kumar Binod
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
J Clin Med. 2019 Feb 5;8(2):192. doi: 10.3390/jcm8020192.
Influenza viruses, since time immemorial, have been the major respiratory pathogen known to infect a wide variety of animals, birds and reptiles with established lineages. They belong to the family and cause acute respiratory illness often during local outbreaks or seasonal epidemics and occasionally during pandemics. Recent studies have identified a new genus within the family. This newly identified pathogen, D/swine/Oklahoma/1334/2011 (D/OK), first identified in pigs with influenza-like illness was classified as the influenza D virus (IDV) which is distantly related to the previously characterized human influenza C virus. Several other back-to-back studies soon suggested cattle as the natural reservoir and possible involvement of IDV in the bovine respiratory disease complex was established. Not much is known about its likelihood to cause disease in humans, but it definitely poses a potential threat as an emerging pathogen in cattle-workers. Here, we review the evolution, epidemiology, virology and pathobiology of influenza D virus and the possibility of transmission among various hosts and potential to cause human disease.
从远古时代起，流感病毒就是已知的主要呼吸道病原体，可感染各种具有既定谱系的动物、鸟类和爬行动物。它们属于该科，通常在局部暴发或季节性流行期间引发急性呼吸道疾病，偶尔也会在大流行期间出现。最近的研究在该科中发现了一个新属。这种新发现的病原体，D/猪/俄克拉荷马/1334/2011（D/OK），最初在患有流感样疾病的猪身上被发现，被归类为甲型流感病毒（IDV），它与先前已鉴定的人类丙型流感病毒关系较远。随后的其他几项相继开展的研究表明，牛是该病毒的天然宿主，并且确定IDV可能与牛呼吸道疾病综合征有关。人们对其感染人类的可能性了解不多，但它无疑作为一种新兴病原体对养牛工人构成了潜在威胁。在此，我们综述了甲型流感病毒的进化、流行病学、病毒学和病理生物学，以及它在不同宿主间传播的可能性和引发人类疾病的潜力。
