ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India.
Maximum Containment Laboratory, Pune, India.
Indian J Med Res. 2019 Apr;149(4):447-467. doi: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1239_18.
Infectious diseases remain as the major causes of human and animal morbidity and mortality leading to significant healthcare expenditure in India. The country has experienced the outbreaks and epidemics of many infectious diseases. However, enormous successes have been obtained against the control of major epidemic diseases, such as malaria, plague, leprosy and cholera, in the past. The country's vast terrains of extreme geo-climatic differences and uneven population distribution present unique patterns of distribution of viral diseases. Dynamic interplays of biological, socio-cultural and ecological factors, together with novel aspects of human-animal interphase, pose additional challenges with respect to the emergence of infectious diseases. The important challenges faced in the control and prevention of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases range from understanding the impact of factors that are necessary for the emergence, to development of strengthened surveillance systems that can mitigate human suffering and death. In this article, the major emerging and re-emerging viral infections of public health importance have been reviewed that have already been included in the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme.
传染病仍然是导致人类和动物发病和死亡的主要原因，导致印度在医疗保健方面的支出巨大。该国经历了许多传染病的爆发和流行。然而，过去在控制疟疾、鼠疫、麻风病和霍乱等主要传染病方面取得了巨大成功。该国地域辽阔，地理气候条件极端，人口分布不均，病毒性疾病的分布呈现出独特的模式。生物、社会文化和生态因素的动态相互作用，以及人与动物之间新的相互作用，给传染病的出现带来了额外的挑战。在控制和预防新发和再发传染病方面面临的重要挑战包括了解出现所需因素的影响，以及开发能够减轻人类痛苦和死亡的强化监测系统。本文综述了已纳入综合疾病监测计划的具有公共卫生重要性的主要新发和再发病毒性感染。
