Armstrong Neil, Welsman Jo
Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Front Physiol. 2019 Jul 30;10:979. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00979. eCollection 2019.
Peak oxygen uptake ( ) is internationally recognized as the criterion measure of youth aerobic fitness, but flawed laboratory assessments and fallacious interpretations of peak in ratio with body mass have confused our understanding of the development of aerobic fitness. Moreover, the recent emergence of specious predictions of peak from performance tests and the promotion of spurious "clinical red flags" and cardiometabolic cut-points have confused our understanding of the relationship between youth aerobic fitness and health. Recent longitudinal studies of 10-18-year-olds using multilevel allometric modeling have empirically demonstrated that peak increases in accord with sex-specific, concurrent changes in age- and maturity status-driven morphological covariates with the timing and tempo of changes specific to individuals. During both cycle ergometry and treadmill running age- and maturity status- driven changes in fat free mass have been revealed as the most powerful morphological influences on the development of youth aerobic fitness. To bring some clarity to current confusion, this paper argues that future studies must be founded on rigorous assessment and interpretation of peak and ensure that they address the development of youth aerobic fitness and its relationship with present and future health in relation to appropriate sex-specific morphological covariates governed by individual biological clocks.
最大摄氧量（ ）在国际上被公认为青少年有氧适能的标准指标，但实验室评估存在缺陷，且对最大摄氧量与体重比值的错误解读，使我们对有氧适能发展的理解产生了混乱。此外，近期从性能测试中得出的关于最大摄氧量的似是而非的预测，以及对虚假“临床警示信号”和心血管代谢切点的推广，也使我们对青少年有氧适能与健康之间的关系的理解产生了混乱。最近对10至18岁青少年进行的纵向研究采用多水平异速生长模型，通过实证证明，最大摄氧量的增加与年龄和成熟状态驱动的形态协变量的性别特异性、同时期变化相一致，且变化的时间和节奏因个体而异。在周期测力计测试和跑步机跑步过程中，无脂肪体重的年龄和成熟状态驱动变化已被证明是对青少年有氧适能发展最有力的形态学影响因素。为了厘清当前的混乱状况，本文认为未来的研究必须基于对最大摄氧量的严格评估和解读，并确保研究涉及青少年有氧适能的发展及其与当前和未来健康的关系，同时考虑由个体生物钟控制的适当性别特异性形态协变量。
