Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Sep 23;13:954418. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.954418. eCollection 2022.
Cardiorespiratory fitness has been inversely associated with cardiovascular risk across the lifespan. Some studies in adults suggest that higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with cardioprotective metabolite profile, but the evidence in children is lacking. Therefore, we investigated the cross-sectional association of cardiorespiratory fitness with serum nuclear magnetic resonance derived metabolic biomarkers in children.
A population sample of 450 children aged 6-8 years was examined. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer and quantified as maximal power output normalised for lean body mass assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry. Serum metabolites were assessed using a high throughput nuclear magnetic resonance platform. The data were analysed using linear regression analyses adjusted for age and sex and subsequently for body fat percentage (BF%) assessed by DXA.
Cardiorespiratory fitness was directly associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (β=0.138, 95% CI=0.042 to 0.135, p=0.005), average HDL particle diameter (β=0.102, 95% CI=0.004 to 0.199, p=0.041), and the concentrations of extra-large HDL particles (β=0.103, 95% CI=0.006 to 0.201, p=0.038), large HDL particles (β=0.122, 95% CI=0.025 to 0.220, p=0.014), and medium HDL particles (β=0.143, 95% CI=0.047 to 0.239, p=0.004) after adjustment for age and sex. Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was also associated with higher concentrations of ApoA1 (β=0.145, 95% CI=0.047 to 0.242, p=0.003), glutamine (β=0.161, 95% CI=0.064 to 0.257, p=0.001), and phenylalanine (β=0.187, 95% CI=0.091 to 0.283, p<0.001). However, only the direct associations of cardiorespiratory fitness with the concentrations of HDL cholesterol (β=0.114, 95% CI=0.018 to 0.210, p=0.021), medium HDL particles (β=0.126, 95% CI=0.030 to 0.223, p=0.010), ApoA1 (β=0.126, 95% CI=0.030 to 0.223, p=0.011), glutamine (β=0.147, 95% CI=0.050 to 0.224, p=0.003), and phenylalanine (β=0.217, 95% CI=0.122 to 0.311, p<0.001) remained statistically significant after further adjustment for BF%.
Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a cardioprotective biomarker profile in children. Most associations were independent of BF% suggesting that the differences in serum metabolites between children are driven by cardiorespiratory fitness and not adiposity.
心肺适能与整个生命周期的心血管风险呈负相关。一些成年人的研究表明，较高的心肺适能与心脏保护性代谢物特征有关，但儿童的证据不足。因此，我们研究了儿童心肺适能与血清核磁共振衍生代谢生物标志物的横断面关联。
对 450 名 6-8 岁的儿童进行了人群样本检查。心肺适能通过在测功计上进行最大运动测试进行评估，并通过双能 X 射线吸收法评估的瘦体重归一化最大功率输出进行量化。使用高通量核磁共振平台评估血清代谢物。使用线性回归分析调整年龄和性别后，对数据进行了分析，随后根据体脂百分比（DXA 评估）进行了调整。
心肺适能与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）（β=0.138，95%CI=0.042-0.135，p=0.005）、平均 HDL 颗粒直径（β=0.102，95%CI=0.004-0.199，p=0.041）和超大 HDL 颗粒（β=0.103，95%CI=0.006-0.201，p=0.038）浓度呈正相关。大 HDL 颗粒（β=0.122，95%CI=0.025-0.220，p=0.014）和中 HDL 颗粒（β=0.143，95%CI=0.047-0.239，p=0.004）在调整年龄和性别后也与心肺适能呈正相关。较高的心肺适能与载脂蛋白 A1（β=0.145，95%CI=0.047-0.242，p=0.003）、谷氨酰胺（β=0.161，95%CI=0.064-0.257，p=0.001）和苯丙氨酸（β=0.187，95%CI=0.091-0.283，p<0.001）的浓度较高有关。然而，只有心肺适能与 HDL-C 浓度（β=0.114，95%CI=0.018-0.210，p=0.021）、中 HDL 颗粒（β=0.126，95%CI=0.030-0.223，p=0.010）、载脂蛋白 A1（β=0.126，95%CI=0.030-0.223，p=0.011）、谷氨酰胺（β=0.147，95%CI=0.050-0.224，p=0.003）和苯丙氨酸（β=0.217，95%CI=0.122-0.311，p<0.001）的关联在进一步调整体脂百分比（BF%）后仍具有统计学意义。
较高的心肺适能与儿童的心脏保护性生物标志物特征有关。大多数关联与 BF%无关，这表明儿童血清代谢物之间的差异是由心肺适能而不是肥胖引起的。
