Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões. Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus A. C. Simões. Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n Tabuleiro dos Martins, Maceió, AL, Brazil; DBIO & CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Nov 1;249:109347. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109347. Epub 2019 Aug 13.
When effectively managed, Protected Areas (PAs) are capable of generating multiple forms of value, both tangible and intangible, for individuals and institutions. However, the value-generating potential of many PAs may be going unrecognized and underutilized due to a limited view of management objectives as codified within the parks' Management Plan. Here, we test the hypothesis that PAs are undervalued by evaluating the degree to which Management Plans from four different Brazilian designations (National Parks, Ecological Stations, Environmental Protected Areas and National Forests) recognize different categories of nature-related assets (entities, attributes and relationships that can be protected, managed and/or invested in to generate forms of value). Based on a recently proposed PA Asset Framework, we identify what assets are mentioned by Management Plans and what assets are under-represented. Our results indicate that Human and Cultural assets are the least represented of the major asset classes (Biophysical, Human, Infrastructural, Institutional and Cultural) and that many asset sub-categories that should reasonably be expected to be present in Management Plans are frequently not mentioned. Assets that are not being considered in Management Plans are, by extension, less likely to be managed and/or invested in. Given the strong similarities between PA Management Plans in different countries, these results probably reflect a general trend. A simple way to ensure that PAs maximize the value generating potential (within the context of their designation) would be to survey their assets and generate a 'PA Asset Management and Investment Plan' to supplement and support existing planning documentation.
当得到有效管理时，保护区（PA）能够为个人和机构创造多种有形和无形的价值。然而，由于对管理目标的有限看法，许多保护区的潜在价值可能未被认识到和未得到充分利用，这种有限的看法体现在公园管理计划中。在这里，我们通过评估四个不同巴西指定保护区（国家公园、生态站、环境保护区和国家森林）的管理计划对不同类别的与自然相关的资产（可以保护、管理和/或投资以产生各种形式价值的实体、属性和关系）的承认程度，来检验保护区被低估的假设。基于最近提出的保护区资产框架，我们确定管理计划中提到了哪些资产以及哪些资产代表性不足。我们的结果表明，人类和文化资产是主要资产类别（生物物理、人类、基础设施、制度和文化）中代表性最低的资产，许多应该合理地出现在管理计划中的资产子类通常没有被提及。没有被管理计划考虑的资产，从广义上讲，就不太可能被管理和/或投资。考虑到不同国家的保护区管理计划之间存在很强的相似性，这些结果可能反映了一种普遍趋势。确保保护区最大限度地发挥潜在价值（在其指定范围内）的一种简单方法是调查其资产，并制定“保护区资产管理和投资计划”，以补充和支持现有的规划文件。
