Exposure assessment to parabens, bisphenol A and perfluoroalkyl compounds in children, women and men by hair analysis.

Population is continuously exposed to endocrine disrupting compounds present in everyday products such as parabens, bisphenol A (BPA), and perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs). The aims of this study were, first, to evaluate human exposure to three parabens (methylparaben (MeP), ethylparaben (EtP) and propylparaben (PrP)), BPA and six PFCs (perfluorobutanoic acid, perfluoropentanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)) through the analysis of hair samples from children, women and men and, then, to evaluate possible relationships between pollutant concentration in hair and age, gender, smoking and dyeing habits or hair colour. Hair samples were collected from 42 volunteers from Seville (Spain) (10 children, 16 women and 16 men). Six of the monitored pollutants (MeP, EtP, PrP, BPA, PFHpA and PFOS) were detected in at least 76% of the samples analysed. The highest concentrations and frequency of detection (100% of the samples) corresponded to MeP and PrP (up to 14,187 and 9009 ng/g, respectively). BPA was found in 83% of the samples at concentrations in the range from 24 to 1427 ng/g whereas PFCs were detected at concentrations in the range from 0.6 to 15.5 ng/g, being PFHpA and PFOS the ones most frequently detected (86% and 76%, respectively). Concentrations of BPA and parabens in adults were statistically higher than those in children. The results of this study reveal the suitability of hair for biomonitoring endocrine disrupting compounds of high concern (PFCs, parabens and BPA) to which population is internally or/and externally but continuously exposed.