Moore Lee J, Freeman Paul, Hase Adrian, Solomon-Moore Emma, Arnold Rachel
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom.
School of Sport, Rehabilitation, and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2019 Aug 2;10:1778. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01778. eCollection 2019.
Viewing stressful situations as more of a challenge than a threat (i.e., coping resources match or exceed situational demands) has been associated with better performance and long-term health. However, to date, little research has examined if individuals have tendencies to evaluate all stressful situations as more of a challenge or threat. Thus, this study used generalizability analyses to investigate the consistency (or variability) of challenge and threat evaluations across potentially stressful situations. 1813 roller derby players (89.0% female; = 33 years, = 7) read nine stressful vignettes (e.g., injury, non-selection, family illness), before completing self-report items assessing challenge and threat evaluations. Generalizability analyses revealed that the Athlete × Stressor interaction accounted for the greatest amount of variance in challenge and threat evaluations (51.9%), suggesting that athletes had idiosyncrasies in their tendency to view particular stressors as more of a challenge or threat. The Athlete (15.4%) and Stressor (21.9%) components also accounted for a significant amount of variance. While the Athlete component suggested some consistency in challenge and threat evaluations, and that differences existed between athletes in whether they tended to view stressors as more of a challenge or threat, the Stressor component indicated some agreement among the athletes in their tendency to view some stressors as more of a challenge or threat than others. The findings offer direct support for transactional stress theories, and have important implications for practitioners developing stress management interventions.
将压力情境视为一种挑战而非威胁（即应对资源匹配或超过情境需求）与更好的表现和长期健康相关。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究考察个体是否倾向于将所有压力情境都评估为更多的是挑战或威胁。因此，本研究使用概化分析来调查在潜在压力情境中挑战和威胁评估的一致性（或变异性）。1813名轮滑曲棍球运动员（89.0%为女性；平均年龄 = 33岁，标准差 = 7）阅读了九个压力情境短文（如受伤、未被选中、家人患病），然后完成评估挑战和威胁评估的自我报告项目。概化分析表明，运动员×压力源交互作用在挑战和威胁评估中占最大比例的方差（51.9%），这表明运动员在将特定压力源视为更多挑战或威胁的倾向上存在特质差异。运动员（15.4%）和压力源（21.9%）成分也占了相当大比例的方差。虽然运动员成分表明在挑战和威胁评估上有一定的一致性，并且运动员在是否倾向于将压力源视为更多挑战或威胁方面存在差异，但压力源成分表明运动员在将某些压力源视为比其他压力源更多挑战或威胁的倾向上有一定的共识。这些发现为交互作用压力理论提供了直接支持，并且对制定压力管理干预措施的从业者具有重要意义。
