Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Phytother Res. 2019 Nov;33(11):2821-2840. doi: 10.1002/ptr.6469. Epub 2019 Aug 19.
Nowadays in our developing and industrial world, humans' health or even their life is threatened by exposure to poisons. In this situation, detecting a protective compound could be helpful and interesting. In the present article, we collected and reviewed all studies, which have been conducted so far about the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba L. (GB), one of the most ancient medicinal tree species, against toxicities induced by chemical toxic agents, natural toxins, and also radiation. In overall, investigations showed that GB exerts the antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antigenotoxicity effects in different toxicities. There are also some special mechanisms about its protective effects against some specific toxic agents, such as acetylcholine esterase inhibition in the aluminium neurotoxicity or membrane-bond phosphodiesterase activation in the triethyltin toxicity. Ginkgolide A was the most investigated active ingredient of G. biloba leaf extract as a protective compound against toxicities, which had the similar effects of total extract. A few clinical studies have been conducted in this field, which demonstrated the beneficial effects of GB against toxic agents. However, the promising effects of this valuable herbal extract will practically remain useless without carrying out more clinical studies and proving its effects on human beings.
如今在我们这个发展中且工业化的世界，人类的健康甚至生命受到接触毒物的威胁。在这种情况下，发现一种有保护作用的化合物可能会很有帮助和很有趣。在本文中，我们收集并回顾了迄今为止所有关于银杏（GB）的保护作用的研究，银杏是最古老的药用树种之一，可对抗化学毒物、天然毒素和辐射引起的毒性。总的来说，研究表明 GB 对不同的毒性具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗凋亡和抗原毒性作用。它对一些特定的有毒物质也有一些特殊的保护机制，如铝神经毒性中的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制或三乙基锡毒性中的膜结合磷酸二酯酶激活。银杏内酯 A 是银杏叶提取物作为一种对抗毒性的保护化合物的最受研究的活性成分，它具有与总提取物相似的作用。在这一领域已经进行了一些临床研究，证明了 GB 对有毒物质的有益作用。然而，如果不进行更多的临床研究并证明其对人类的作用，这种有价值的草药提取物的有希望的效果实际上将毫无用处。
