Alshaikh Mashael K, Rawaf Salman, Quezada-Yamamoto Harumi
Pharmacy Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, KSA.
Department of Primary Care and Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2018 Jun 29;13(5):444-451. doi: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.06.001. eCollection 2018 Oct.
This study aims to assess fruit and vegetable consumption among Saudi women to identify perceived benefits and barriers associated with a healthy diet in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prevention and to correlate Framingham risk scores (FRSs) with the perceived barriers.
A questionnaire adapted from the Health Beliefs Related to Cardiovascular Disease Scale was administered to women attending a primary care centre in KSA. In addition to descriptive statistics, a chi-square test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine the association between perceptions of benefit and barriers with FRS categories and between mean FRS and perceived barriers.
A total of 503 women were included in this study, and 75% of the women were older than 45 years. More than 60% of women were obese, and 97% consumed 1-3 fruit and vegetable servings per day, whereas only 1.4% consumed fruits and vegetables 5 or more times per day. The majority of women were aware of the benefits of a healthy diet in CVD prevention. No significant difference between FRS and perceived benefits or barriers was observed. Barriers across the low- to high-risk groups included a lack of knowledge about a 'healthy diet', insufficient time to cook, food affordability, and having more important problems. Women who disagreed on barriers had negative beta coefficients for the mean FRS ( < 0.03).
In this study cohort, fruit and vegetable intake was lower than the recommended guidelines. Despite awareness of the benefits of a healthy diet in CVD prevention, very few women understood the true meaning of 'healthy diet'. A direct association between FRS and perceptions/barriers could not be validated. Perceived barriers could be addressed by integrating innovative educational campaigns to existing models of the Healthy Food Plan.
本研究旨在评估沙特女性的水果和蔬菜摄入量，以确定与预防心血管疾病（CVD）的健康饮食相关的感知益处和障碍，并将弗雷明汉风险评分（FRS）与感知障碍进行关联。
对在沙特阿拉伯王国一家初级保健中心就诊的女性进行了一份改编自《心血管疾病相关健康信念量表》的问卷调查。除描述性统计外，还使用卡方检验和多元线性回归分析来确定益处感知和障碍与FRS类别之间以及平均FRS与感知障碍之间的关联。
本研究共纳入503名女性，75%的女性年龄超过45岁。超过60%的女性肥胖，97%的女性每天食用1 - 3份水果和蔬菜，而只有1.4%的女性每天食用水果和蔬菜5次或更多次。大多数女性意识到健康饮食在预防CVD方面的益处。未观察到FRS与感知益处或障碍之间存在显著差异。低风险到高风险组的障碍包括对“健康饮食”缺乏了解、做饭时间不足、食品可承受性以及存在更重要的问题。对障碍持不同意见的女性，其平均FRS的β系数为负（<0.03）。
在本研究队列中，水果和蔬菜摄入量低于推荐指南。尽管女性意识到健康饮食在预防CVD方面的益处，但很少有女性理解“健康饮食”的真正含义。无法验证FRS与感知/障碍之间的直接关联。可以通过将创新教育活动纳入现有的健康食品计划模式来解决感知到的障碍。
