Morax S, Hurbli T
Fondation Ophthalmologique A. de Rothschild, Paris.
Eye (Lond). 1988;2 ( Pt 2):207-19. doi: 10.1038/eye.1988.38.
Congenital malformations of the eye and its adnexa which are multiple and varied can affect the whole eyeball or any part of it, as well as the orbit, eyelids, lacrimal ducts, extra-ocular muscles and conjunctiva. A classification of these malformations is presented together with the general principles of treatment, age of operating and surgical tactics. The authors give some examples of the anatomo-clinical forms, eyelid malformations such as entropion, ectropion, ptosis, levator eyelid retraction, medial canthus malposition, congenital eyelid colobomas, and congenital orbital abnormalities (Craniofacial stenosis, orbital plagiocephalies, hypertelorism, anophthalmos, microphthalmos and cryptophthalmos).
眼睛及其附属器的先天性畸形多种多样，可累及整个眼球或其任何部分，以及眼眶、眼睑、泪道、眼外肌和结膜。本文介绍了这些畸形的分类以及治疗的一般原则、手术时机和手术策略。作者列举了一些解剖临床类型的例子，如眼睑畸形（如睑内翻、睑外翻、上睑下垂、提上睑肌退缩、内眦移位、先天性眼睑缺损）和先天性眼眶异常（颅面狭窄、眼眶斜头畸形、眶距增宽、无眼球、小眼球和隐眼畸形）。
