饮食质量与身体表现和特种部队选拔有关。
Diet Quality Is Associated with Physical Performance and Special Forces Selection.
机构信息
Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020 Jan;52(1):178-186. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002111.
PURPOSE
This study determined associations between diet quality measured by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, physical performance, and successful selection following a U.S. Army Special Forces Assessment and Selection course characterized by arduous cognitive and physical demands.
METHODS
The HEI-2015 scores were calculated from usual diet assessed with a Block food frequency questionnaire among 782 soldiers attending Special Forces Assessment and Selection. Differences in HEI-2015 scores according to demographics and physical performance were determined with analysis of variance. Differences in likelihood of selection according to HEI-2015 scores were determined with logistic regression. Models were adjusted for potential confounders: age, education, body mass index (BMI), duration and type of resistance training, and smoking.
RESULTS
The HEI-2015 total score was higher among older soldiers (≥25 yr), those with more education (≥some college), higher body mass index (≥25), longer duration of resistance training (≥400 min·wk), those that reported use of free weights, suspension training, Olympic lifting, and nonsmokers (P < 0.05). The HEI-2015 total score was higher among those with higher Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) total scores, APFT sit-up score, APFT run score, and faster loaded road march times (P < 0.05). Those with higher HEI-2015 total scores were 75% (quartile 3 vs quartile 1: odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.81) and 65% (quartile 4 vs quartile 1: odds ratio, 1.65, 95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.65) more likely to be selected. Higher scores for total vegetables, greens and beans, seafood and plant protein, and refined grains, but lower sodium scores (indicating more sodium consumed), were associated with better physical performance (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary patterns that conform to federal dietary guidelines (except sodium) are associated with physical performance and Special Forces selection.
目的
本研究旨在通过美国特种部队评估和选拔课程（该课程具有艰巨的认知和体能要求），确定通过 2015 年健康饮食指数（HEI）衡量的饮食质量与体能表现和成功选拔之间的关系。
方法
在参加特种部队评估和选拔的 782 名士兵中，使用布洛克食物频率问卷评估了他们的日常饮食，然后计算了 2015 年 HEI 得分。使用方差分析确定了根据人口统计学特征和体能表现的 HEI-2015 得分差异。使用逻辑回归确定了根据 HEI-2015 得分选择的可能性差异。模型调整了潜在的混杂因素：年龄、教育程度、体重指数（BMI）、阻力训练的持续时间和类型以及吸烟情况。
结果
年龄较大（≥25 岁）、教育程度较高（≥大学）、体重指数较高（≥25）、阻力训练持续时间较长（≥400 分钟/周）、使用自由重量、悬挂训练、奥林匹克举重和不吸烟者的士兵 HEI-2015 总分较高（P＜0.05）。在那些具有更高陆军体能测试（APFT）总分、APFT 仰卧起坐得分、APFT 跑步得分和更快的负重行军时间的士兵中，HEI-2015 总分也较高（P＜0.05）。HEI-2015 总分较高的士兵，其入选的可能性分别为 75%（四分位 3 比四分位 1：优势比，1.75；95%置信区间，1.09-2.81）和 65%（四分位 4 比四分位 1：优势比，1.65，95%置信区间，1.03-2.65）。较高的总蔬菜、绿色蔬菜和豆类、海鲜和植物蛋白以及精制谷物得分，但较低的钠得分（表明摄入了更多的钠）与更好的体能表现相关（P＜0.05）。
结论
符合联邦饮食指南（除钠外）的饮食模式与体能表现和特种部队选拔有关。
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