Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, KR Mangalam University, Gurgaon, Sohna, Haryana, India.
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India.
Semin Cancer Biol. 2021 Feb;69:365-375. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.022. Epub 2019 Aug 20.
The application of nanomedicines in tumor targeting and attaining meaningful therapeutic benefits for the treatment of cancers has been going on for almost two decades. Beyond the lipidic and polymeric nanomedicines-based passive and active targeting, the quest for inventing the new generation of carriers has no end. This has lead to the evolution of some of the unique carrier systems with supramolecular assembly structures. Mesoporous nanoparticulate systems (MSNPs) are the recently explored substances with favorable potential for drug delivery and drug targeting applications especially in cancer chemotherapeutics. Notwithstanding their physical properties that makes them a suitable carrier for cancer treatment, but their outstanding ability towards chemical functionalization helps in delivering the imaging agents for diagnostic applications. MSNPs can improve the dissolution rate and systemic availability of the poorly water soluble drugs due to their mesoporous structures. Besides, guest molecules including targeting ligands, biomimetic agents, fluorescent dyes, and biocompatible polymers can be efficiently encapsulated in their tunable porous structure for targeting purpose. Some special features of the MSNPs which make them one of the highly effective nanocarrier systems include their ability to encapsulate non-crystalline drugs in their mesopores, high dispersion ability as a function of large surface area and wetting properties. For anticancer drug delivery, MSNPs are worthful to provide excellent drug loading capacity and endocytotic behavior. Moreover, the external surface of MSNPs can be precisely modified for tumor-recognition and developing sensitivity of the antitumor agents towards the cancer cells. Owing to the innumerable applications of MSNPs till now in cancer treatment, the present article particularly focuses to provide an overview account with complete details on the topic to make the readers abreast with details on physiochemical and material properties of MSNPs, their applications and current innovations for the purpose.
纳米医学在肿瘤靶向和为癌症治疗提供有意义的治疗益处方面的应用已经进行了近二十年。除了基于脂质和聚合物的纳米医学的被动和主动靶向之外，发明新一代载体的探索永无止境。这导致了一些具有超分子组装结构的独特载体系统的发展。介孔纳米颗粒系统（MSNPs）是最近探索的物质，具有良好的药物输送和药物靶向应用潜力，特别是在癌症化学疗法中。尽管它们的物理性质使它们成为癌症治疗的合适载体，但它们出色的化学功能化能力有助于输送用于诊断应用的成像剂。MSNPs 可以由于其介孔结构而提高疏水性药物的溶解速率和全身利用率。此外，包括靶向配体、仿生剂、荧光染料和生物相容性聚合物在内的客体分子可以有效地封装在其可调节的多孔结构中用于靶向目的。MSNPs 的一些特殊性质使它们成为高效纳米载体系统之一，包括它们能够在介孔中封装非晶态药物的能力、作为大表面积和润湿性功能的高分散能力。对于抗癌药物输送，MSNPs 非常适合提供优异的药物负载能力和内吞作用。此外，MSNPs 的外表面可以精确修饰，以用于肿瘤识别并提高抗肿瘤药物对癌细胞的敏感性。由于 MSNPs 迄今为止在癌症治疗中有无数应用，本文特别重点提供全面详细的概述，使读者了解 MSNPs 的物理化学和材料性质、它们的应用和当前创新，以了解详情。
