Hayat Hasan, Griffiths Thomas, Brennan Desmond, Lewis Richard P, Barclay Michael, Weirman Chris, Philip Bruce, Searle Justin R
SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Wales SA1 8EN, UK.
Sensors (Basel). 2019 Aug 22;19(17):3648. doi: 10.3390/s19173648.
Building energy consumption accounts for 30%-45% of the global energy demand. With an ever-increasing world population, it has now become essential to minimize the energy consumption for the future of the environment. One of the most crucial aspects in this regard is the utilization of sensing and environmental monitoring technologies in buildings as these technologies provide stakeholders, such as owners, designers, managers, and occupants, with important information regarding the energy performance, safety and cost-effectiveness of the building. With the global sensors market value predicted to exceed $190 billion by 2021 and the number of sensors deployed worldwide forecasted to reach the '1 Trillion' mark by 2025, a state-of-the-art review of various commercially-viable sensor devices and the wide range of communication technologies that complement them is highly desirable. This paper provides an insight into various sensing and environmental monitoring technologies commonly deployed in buildings by surveying different sensor technologies, wired and wireless communication technologies, and the key selection parameters and strategies for optimal sensor placement. In addition, we review the key characteristics and limitations of the most prominent battery technologies in use today, different energy harvesting sources and commercial off-the-shelf solutions, and various challenges and future perspectives associated with the application of sensing and environmental monitoring technologies within buildings.
建筑能耗占全球能源需求的30%-45%。随着世界人口不断增加，为了环境的未来，将能源消耗降至最低已变得至关重要。在这方面，最关键的一个方面是在建筑中利用传感和环境监测技术，因为这些技术能为业主、设计师、管理人员和居住者等利益相关者提供有关建筑能源性能、安全性和成本效益的重要信息。预计到2021年，全球传感器市场价值将超过1900亿美元，到2025年全球部署的传感器数量预计将达到“1万亿”大关，因此非常有必要对各种具有商业可行性的传感器设备以及与之互补的广泛通信技术进行最新综述。本文通过调研不同的传感器技术、有线和无线通信技术以及最佳传感器放置的关键选择参数和策略，深入了解了建筑中常用的各种传感和环境监测技术。此外，我们还综述了当今使用的最突出电池技术的关键特性和局限性、不同的能量收集源和现成的商业解决方案，以及与建筑内传感和环境监测技术应用相关的各种挑战和未来展望。
