The modulation of the TREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis in peri-implant diseases.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of sTREM-1 and its ligand PGLYRP1, as well as the expression of MMP-8 and its inhibitor TIMP-1, in peri-implant diseases. As a secondary aim, we analyzed the influence of the concomitant existence of periodontitis in the expression of these biomarkers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study included 77 patients (29 males and 48 females; mean age 55.0 ± 11.5), 18 having gingivitis, 16 having periodontitis, 20 having mucositis, and 23 having peri-implantitis. Patients were clinically examined, and unstimulated whole saliva was collected. sTREM-1, PGLYRP1, MMP-8, TIMP-1, and MMP-8/TIMP1 ratio were determined by ELISA.

RESULTS

The periodontitis group presented higher probing depth (PD) mean, and higher clinical attachment loss, compared with the other groups. The peri-implantitis group presented higher PD mean in implants compared to the mucositis group. Patients with PD ≥ 6 mm showed significantly higher levels of PGLYRP1, MMP-8, and MMP-8/TIMP-1 ratio than patients with PD < 6 mm. When all four markers were assessed, there were no significant differences between mucositis and peri-implantitis groups. Concomitant periodontitis resulted in higher significant levels of MMP-8 in patients with peri-implant disease.

CONCLUSION

We did not observe significant differences in the levels of the sTREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis between patients with periodontal and peri-implant diseases, suggesting that these markers are also involved in the inflammatory process around implants. Besides, the presence of periodontitis may affect the levels of MMP-8 in patients with peri-implant disease.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The sTREM-1/PGLYRP1/MMP-8 axis could be useful as potent markers in periodontal and peri-implant diseases.