Department of Psychiatry.
Neuropsychology. 2019 Sep;33(6):781-794. doi: 10.1037/neu0000555.
This article provides an overview of the scientific literature pertaining to the effects of alcohol on neural correlates of cognitive and emotional functioning, including reward processing and cue-reactivity, in adolescence and young adulthood.
Peer-reviewed, original research articles that included a neuroimaging assessment of alcohol effects on subsequent cognitive or emotional processing in adolescent or young adult samples were searched (through November 2018) and summarized in the review.
Cross-sectional studies provided early evidence of alcohol-related differences in neural processing across a number of cognitive domains. Longitudinal studies have identified neural abnormalities that predate drinking within most domains of cognitive functioning, while a few neural alterations have been observed within the domains of visual working memory, inhibitory control, reward processing, and cue-reactivity that appear to be related to the neurotoxic effect of alcohol use during adolescence. In contrast, neural correlates of emotion functioning appear to be relatively stable to the effects of alcohol.
Larger prospective studies are greatly needed to disentangle premorbid factors from neural consequences associated with drinking, and to detect subsets of youth who may be particularly vulnerable to alcohol's effects on cognitive and emotional functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
本文概述了关于酒精对青少年和年轻成年人认知和情绪功能的神经相关物的影响的科学文献，包括奖励处理和线索反应。
通过检索（截至 2018 年 11 月）和综述中总结，查找了包含青少年或年轻成年人样本中神经影像学评估酒精对随后认知或情绪处理影响的同行评审的原始研究文章。
横断面研究提供了许多认知领域中与酒精相关的神经加工差异的早期证据。纵向研究已经确定了在大多数认知功能领域中，在饮酒之前存在神经异常，而在一些与青少年时期酒精使用的神经毒性有关的领域，如视觉工作记忆、抑制控制、奖励处理和线索反应，已经观察到一些神经改变。相比之下，情绪功能的神经相关物似乎对酒精的影响相对稳定。
迫切需要更大的前瞻性研究来理清与饮酒相关的潜在因素和与神经后果，并发现可能特别容易受到酒精对认知和情绪功能影响的青年亚群。
