日粮能量和粗蛋白水平对生长育肥猪生长性能、血液指标和胴体性状的影响。
Effects of dietary energy and crude protein levels on growth performance, blood profiles, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs.
作者信息
Fang Lin Hu, Jin Ying Hai, Do Sung Ho, Hong Jin Su, Kim Byung Ock, Han Tae Hee, Kim Yoo Yong
机构信息
School of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yan Ji, Ji Lin 133000, China.
出版信息
J Anim Sci Technol. 2019 Jul;61(4):204-215. doi: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.4.204. Epub 2019 Jul 31.
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, blood profiles, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire × Landrace] × Duroc) with an average body weight of 30.96 ± 3.068 kg were used for a 12-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The first factor was two levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) density (13.40 MJ/kg or 13.82 MJ/kg), and the second factor was three dietary CP levels based on subdivision of growing-finishing phases (high: 18%/16.3%/16.3%/13.2% middle: 17%/15.3%/15.3%/12.2% and low: 16%/14.3%/14.3%/11.2%). Average daily gain (ADG) and gain-feed ratio (G:F ratio) decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linear, < 0.05; < 0.05, respectively) in the early growing period, and G:F ration also decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linearly, < 0.05) over the whole growing phase. Over the entire experimental period, G:F ratio decreased as dietary ME level decreased ( = 0.01). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was increased as dietary energy level decreased in growing period ( < 0.01). During finishing period, total protein concentration was decreased by lower dietary energy level ( < 0.05). In this study, there were no significant differences in proximate factors, physiochemical properties, muscle TBARS assay results, pH changes, or color of pork by dietary treatments. However, saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased ( < 0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) decreased ( < 0.05) when ME was decreased by 0.42 MJ/kg in growing-finishing pig diets. In addition, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) tended to increase when CP level was decreased in growing-finishing pig diets ( = 0.06). A growing-finishing diet of 13.82 MJ/kg diet of ME with the high CP level can improve growth performance and show better fatty acids composition of pork.
本试验旨在评估日粮能量和粗蛋白（CP）水平对生长育肥猪生长性能、血液指标和胴体性状的影响。选用180头平均体重为30.96±3.068 kg的杂交猪（[约克夏×长白]×杜洛克）进行为期12周的饲养试验。试验猪采用随机完全区组（RCB）设计，按2×3析因排列进行分配。第一个因素是两个日粮代谢能（ME）密度水平（13.40 MJ/kg或13.82 MJ/kg），第二个因素是根据生长育肥阶段细分的三个日粮CP水平（高：18%/16.3%/16.3%/13.2%；中：17%/15.3%/15.3%/12.2%；低：16%/14.3%/14.3%/11.2%）。在生长前期，随着日粮CP水平线性降低，平均日增重（ADG）和料重比（G:F比）呈线性下降（线性，P<0.05；P<0.05，分别），在整个生长阶段，G:F比也随着日粮CP水平线性降低而线性下降（线性，P<0.05）。在整个试验期内，G:F比随着日粮ME水平降低而下降（P = 0.01）。在生长阶段，随着日粮能量水平降低，血尿素氮（BUN）浓度升高（P<0.01）。在育肥期，较低的日粮能量水平使总蛋白浓度降低（P<0.05）。本研究中，日粮处理对猪肉的常规成分、理化性质、肌肉硫代巴比妥酸反应物（TBARS）测定结果、pH变化或颜色均无显著影响。然而，在生长育肥猪日粮中，当ME降低0.42 MJ/kg时，饱和脂肪酸（SFA）含量升高（P<0.01），多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量降低（P<0.05）。此外，在生长育肥猪日粮中，当CP水平降低时，单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）含量有升高趋势（P = 0.06）。含13.82 MJ/kg ME且CP水平高的生长育肥日粮可提高生长性能，并使猪肉脂肪酸组成更佳。
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