Research Service of the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Neuroscience. 2019 Nov 1;419:46-59. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.028. Epub 2019 Aug 24.
Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer-enclosed extracellular structures. Although the term extracellular vesicles is quite inclusive, it generally refers to exosomes (<200 nm), and microvesicles (~100-1000 nm). Such vesicles are resistant to degradation and can contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Although it was previously thought that the primary purpose of such vesicles was to rid cells of unwanted components, it is now becoming increasingly clear that they can function as intercellular messengers, sometimes operating over long distances. As such, there is now intense interest in extracellular vesicles in fields as diverse as immunology, cell biology, cancer, and more recently, neuroscience. The influence that such extracellular vesicles might exert on peripheral nerve regeneration is just beginning to be investigated. In the current studies we show that muscle-derived extracellular vesicles significantly influence the anatomical accuracy of motor neuron regeneration in the rat femoral nerve. These findings suggest a basic cellular mechanism by which target end-organs could guide their own reinnervation following nerve injury.
细胞外囊泡是由脂质双层包裹的细胞外结构。尽管细胞外囊泡这一术语相当广泛，但它通常是指外泌体（<200nm）和微囊泡（~100-1000nm）。这些囊泡具有抗降解性，可包含蛋白质、脂质和核酸。尽管以前人们认为这些囊泡的主要目的是清除细胞内不需要的成分，但现在越来越清楚的是，它们可以作为细胞间的信使，有时甚至可以远距离传递信息。因此，细胞外囊泡在免疫学、细胞生物学、癌症等领域以及最近的神经科学领域都引起了极大的兴趣。目前，人们正在研究这些细胞外囊泡对周围神经再生的影响。在目前的研究中，我们发现肌肉来源的细胞外囊泡显著影响大鼠股神经运动神经元再生的解剖学准确性。这些发现表明，靶器官可以通过一种基本的细胞机制来指导自身在神经损伤后的再神经支配。
