College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, PO Box 2100, Adelaide 5001, South Australia.
Private Psychology Practice, Victoria, Australia.
J Affect Disord. 2019 Dec 1;259:337-348. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.08.048. Epub 2019 Aug 19.
Young's contention that early maladaptive schemas mediate the relationship between adverse parenting and later emotional difficulties has been lrttle tested. Also, most relevant research focuses only on depression, and on maternal parenting.
One hundred and fifty-five non-clinical adults completed the Young Parenting Inventory (YPI) regarding both their mothers and fathers, Young's Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), the State/Trait Anger Scale (STAS) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21).
Young's suggested 17-factor YPI structure was not supported. Rather, participants differentiated between recalled paternal and maternal parenting, with rejecting and controlling components emerging for each parent. There was an indirect effect of rejecting fathering on symptoms of depression, via the social isolation schema, in support of Young's theory. However, despite some significant relationships between parenting and schemas, and schemas and emotions, most effects of parenting on emotions were direct. Rejecting fathering had a direct positive effect on trait anger, and controlling mothering on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Controlling fathering had a negative effect on anxiety symptoms.
The study was cross-sectional, limited to participants in a single city, and had a preponderance of female respondents.
Most effects of adverse parenting seem to be direct rather than operating through schemas. Prevention through early parenting programs, and adult cognitive therapies that draw on a broad range of schemas, seem to be called for.
杨认为早期适应不良模式在不良父母教养和后期情绪困难之间起中介作用，但这一观点很少得到验证。此外，大多数相关研究仅关注抑郁和母亲教养。
155 名非临床成年人完成了 Young 父母教养问卷（YPI），包括他们的父母，Young 的模式问卷（YSQ），状态/特质愤怒量表（STAS）和抑郁焦虑压力量表-21（DASS-21）。
Young 提出的 17 因素 YPI 结构不成立。相反，参与者区分了对父母的记忆中的教养方式，每个父母都有拒绝和控制成分。在支持 Young 理论的情况下，父亲的拒绝教养对抑郁症状有间接影响，通过社会孤立模式。然而，尽管教养与模式之间以及模式与情绪之间存在一些显著关系，但教养对情绪的大多数影响是直接的。父亲的拒绝教养对特质愤怒有直接的正向影响，母亲的控制教养对抑郁和焦虑症状有直接的影响。父亲的控制教养对焦虑症状有负向影响。
该研究是横断面的，仅限于一个城市的参与者，且女性受访者居多。
大多数不良教养的影响似乎是直接的，而不是通过模式起作用。通过早期教养计划和针对广泛模式的成人认知疗法进行预防似乎是必要的。
