Sakwinska Olga, Bosco Nabil
Nestlé Research, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nestlé Research Singapore Hub, Singapore, Singapore.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Aug 13;10:1863. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01863. eCollection 2019.
The bacteria present in human milk constitute the human milk microbiome (hMM). Both the older culture-based work and the more recent studies using molecular detection of bacterial DNA have reached similar conclusions: the hMM mostly consists of commensal staphylococci such as , and streptococci. The prevalence of other bacterial groups such lactobacilli varies widely, while the abundance and prevalence of bifidobacteria is generally low. Recently, the hMM became accepted as a part of a physiologically normal state with suggested potential health benefits. Most research on the hMM has focused on its composition and potential effect on the breastfed infant. A major role as a microbiome inoculum for the infant gut has been proposed, but remains to be clearly demonstrated. Herein, we also discuss the emerging connection between the hMM and mammary gland physiology and lactation. Similarities between the mammary gland and mucosal interfaces are considerable, and in particular mucosal-like immune attributes of mammary gland. The potential role of hMM-host interactions in the mammary gland in maternal health is explored with a primary focus on lactational mastitis.
人乳中存在的细菌构成了人乳微生物群（hMM）。早期基于培养的研究以及最近使用细菌DNA分子检测的研究都得出了类似的结论：hMM主要由共生葡萄球菌（如 ）和链球菌组成。其他细菌类群（如乳酸菌）的流行率差异很大，而双歧杆菌的丰度和流行率通常较低。最近，hMM被认为是生理正常状态的一部分，并被认为具有潜在的健康益处。大多数关于hMM的研究都集中在其组成以及对母乳喂养婴儿的潜在影响上。有人提出它在婴儿肠道微生物群接种方面起主要作用，但仍有待明确证实。在此，我们还将讨论hMM与乳腺生理学和泌乳之间新出现的联系。乳腺与黏膜界面之间有相当多的相似之处，特别是乳腺的黏膜样免疫特性。本文主要围绕哺乳期乳腺炎，探讨hMM与宿主相互作用在母体健康的乳腺中所起的潜在作用。
