Inchingolo Francesco, Inchingolo Angelo Michele, Latini Giulia, Ferrante Laura, de Ruvo Elisabetta, Campanelli Merigrazia, Longo Marialuisa, Palermo Andrea, Inchingolo Alessio Danilo, Dipalma Gianna
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
College of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK.
Pathogens. 2024 Jun 24;13(7):533. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13070533.
The gut microbiota (GM) plays a crucial role in human health, particularly during the first years of life. Differences in GM between breastfed and formula (F)-fed infants may influence long-term health outcomes. This systematic review aims to compare the gut microbiota of breastfed infants with that of F-fed infants and to evaluate the clinical implications of these differences. We searched databases on Scopus, Web of Science, and Pubmed with the following keywords: "gut microbiota", "gut microbiome", and "neonatal milk". The inclusion criteria were articles relating to the analysis of the intestinal microbiome of newborns in relation to the type of nutrition, clinical studies or case series, excluding reviews, meta-analyses, animal models, and in vitro studies. The screening phase ended with the selection of 13 publications for this work. Breastfed infants showed higher levels of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, while F-fed infants had a higher prevalence of potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Clostridium difficile and Enterobacteriaceae. Infant feeding type influences the composition of oral GM significantly. Breastfeeding promotes a healthier and more diverse microbial ecosystem, which may offer protective health benefits. Future research should explore strategies to improve the GM of F-fed infants and understand the long-term health implications.
肠道微生物群（GM）在人类健康中起着至关重要的作用，尤其是在生命的最初几年。母乳喂养和配方奶（F）喂养婴儿的肠道微生物群差异可能会影响长期健康结果。本系统评价旨在比较母乳喂养婴儿和F喂养婴儿的肠道微生物群，并评估这些差异的临床意义。我们在Scopus、Web of Science和Pubmed数据库中使用以下关键词进行搜索：“肠道微生物群”、“肠道微生物组”和“新生儿喂养”。纳入标准是与根据营养类型分析新生儿肠道微生物组相关的文章、临床研究或病例系列，不包括综述、荟萃分析、动物模型和体外研究。筛选阶段最终为本研究选择了13篇出版物。母乳喂养婴儿体内双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌等有益菌水平较高，而F喂养婴儿中包括艰难梭菌和肠杆菌科在内的潜在病原菌患病率较高。婴儿喂养方式对口腔肠道微生物群的组成有显著影响。母乳喂养促进更健康、更多样化的微生物生态系统，这可能对健康有益。未来的研究应探索改善F喂养婴儿肠道微生物群的策略，并了解其对长期健康的影响。
