Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Clinical Sciences Building, Hucknall Road, Nottingham NG5 1 PB, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (UKCTAS), School of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
J Infect. 2019 Nov;79(5):401-406. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.08.014. Epub 2019 Aug 26.
The association of current smoking with influenza infection is not widely recognised. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise published evidence and quantify the risk of influenza infection in tobacco smokers compared to non-smokers.
We systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS and Web of Science, from inception to 7 November 2017, to identify relevant randomised control trials, cohort and case-control studies. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We included studies defining influenza as a clinical syndrome and those using confirmatory microbiological tests. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were estimated by using random effects model.
The mean quality score across the nine included studies (n = 40,685 participants) was 5.4 of 9 (SD 1.07). Current smokers were over 5 times more likely to develop laboratory-confirmed influenza than non-smokers (pooled OR 5.69 (95% CI 2.79-11.60), 3 studies). For studies reporting the occurrence of an influenza-like illness (ILI), current smokers were 34% more likely to develop ILI than non-smokers (pooled OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.13-1.59), 6 studies).
Current smokers have an increased risk of developing influenza compared to non-smokers. The association was strongest in studies examining cases with laboratory confirmed influenza.
目前，人们尚未广泛认识到吸烟与流感感染之间的关联。本系统评价的目的是总结已发表的证据，并定量比较吸烟者与不吸烟者发生流感感染的风险。
我们系统地检索了 MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL、LILACS 和 Web of Science，从建库到 2017 年 11 月 7 日，以确定相关的随机对照试验、队列研究和病例对照研究。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估研究质量。我们纳入了将流感定义为临床综合征的研究和使用确认性微生物学检测的研究。使用随机效应模型估计汇总优势比（OR）。
纳入的 9 项研究（n=40685 名参与者）的平均质量评分为 5.4（9 分制，标准差 1.07）。与不吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者患实验室确诊流感的可能性高出 5 倍以上（汇总 OR 5.69（95%CI 2.79-11.60），3 项研究）。对于报告发生流感样疾病（ILI）的研究，当前吸烟者患 ILI 的可能性比不吸烟者高 34%（汇总 OR 1.34（95%CI 1.13-1.59），6 项研究）。
与不吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者发生流感的风险增加。在研究实验室确诊流感病例时，这种关联最强。
