Arcury Thomas A, Quandt Sara A, Rao Pamela, Doran Alicia M, Snively Beverly M, Barr Dana B, Hoppin Jane A, Davis Stephen W
Thomas A. Arcury, Ph.D., is Professor and Director of Research in the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine. He is also Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, Wake Forest University, and Adjunct Professor of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Sara A. Quandt, Ph.D., is Professor in the Section on Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine. She is also Adjunct Professor of Anthropology, Wake Forest University. Pamela Rao, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine. She is also Adjunct Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Wake Forest University. Alicia Doran, B.A., is a Research Assistant in the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine. Beverly M. Snively, Ph.D., is Associate Professor of Biostatistics in the Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine. Dana B. Barr, Ph.D., is Chief of the Pesticide Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, GA. Jane A. Hoppin, Sc.D., is an Epidemiologist in the Epidemiology Branch of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. She is also an Adjunct Assistant Professor of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Stephen W. Davis, M.A., is a Research Instructor in the Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine. He also holds an adjunct appointment to the Department of Psychology, Wake Forest University.
Hum Organ. 2005 Spring;64(1):40-51.
Farmworkers and their family members are exposed to pesticides in their homes as well as at work. Using a sample of nine farmworker households in western North Carolina and Virginia, this analysis describes the organophosphate (OP) pesticide urinary metabolite levels of adults and children in these households, and compares these farmworker household OP metabolite levels to the national reference data. Data from survey and in-depth interviews are analyzed to find dwelling, household, and work characteristics related to OP metabolite levels. All participants had measurable OP metabolites. Every household had a high level of OP metabolites when compared to national reference data. There were common factors among the households that could cause the high household OP exposure, including farm employment and living adjacent to agricultural fields. Factors associated with household variability in OP exposure included having a non-nuclear family structure, and, therefore, having more adult males who were employed doing farm work, living in rental housing, not owning a vacuum cleaner, residing in a dwelling that is difficult to clean, and the season (spring versus summer) in which urine samples were collected. These results indicate that regulatory changes that improve low income housing, improve industrial hygiene standards, and provide farmworkers information about their pesticide exposure are needed to protect farmworkers and their families.
农场工人及其家庭成员在家庭和工作场所都会接触到农药。本分析以北卡罗来纳州西部和弗吉尼亚州的九个农场工人家庭为样本，描述了这些家庭中成人和儿童的有机磷酸酯（OP）农药尿液代谢物水平，并将这些农场工人家庭的OP代谢物水平与国家参考数据进行了比较。对调查数据和深入访谈进行分析，以找出与OP代谢物水平相关的居住、家庭和工作特征。所有参与者的OP代谢物均可检测到。与国家参考数据相比，每个家庭的OP代谢物水平都很高。这些家庭中存在一些可能导致家庭OP暴露水平高的共同因素，包括从事农业工作以及居住在农田附近。与家庭OP暴露差异相关的因素包括家庭结构为非核心家庭，因此有更多从事农业工作的成年男性、居住在出租屋、没有吸尘器、居住在难以清洁的住所，以及采集尿液样本的季节（春季与夏季）。这些结果表明，需要进行监管变革，以改善低收入住房、提高工业卫生标准，并向农场工人提供有关其农药暴露的信息，从而保护农场工人及其家人。
