Neurooncology Unit, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC, Madrid, Spain.
Centro de Biología Molecular, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 Aug 5;2019:9719730. doi: 10.1155/2019/9719730. eCollection 2019.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating primary brain tumor. The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been linked to their therapy resistance. Molecular and cellular components of the tumor microenvironment also play a fundamental role in the aggressiveness of these tumors. In particular, high levels of hypoxia and reactive oxygen species participate in several aspects of GBM biology. Moreover, GBM contains a large number of macrophages, which normally behave as immunosuppressive tumor-supportive cells. In fact, the presence of both, hypoxia and M2-like macrophages, correlates with malignancy and poor prognosis in gliomas. Antioxidant agents, as nutritional supplements, might have antitumor activity. Ocoxin® oral solution (OOS), in particular, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as antitumor properties in several neoplasia, without known side effects. Here, we describe how OOS affects stem cell properties in certain GBMs, slowing down their tumor growth. In parallel, OOS has a direct effect on macrophage polarization and , inhibiting the protumoral features of M2 macrophages. Therefore, OOS could be a feasible candidate to be used in combination therapies during GBM treatment because it can target the highly resilient CSCs as well as their supportive immune microenvironment, without adding toxicity to conventional treatments.
胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是最常见和最具破坏性的原发性脑肿瘤。癌症干细胞（CSCs）的存在与它们的耐药性有关。肿瘤微环境的分子和细胞成分也在这些肿瘤的侵袭性中起着根本作用。特别是，高水平的缺氧和活性氧参与了 GBM 生物学的几个方面。此外，GBM 中含有大量的巨噬细胞，这些巨噬细胞通常表现为具有免疫抑制作用的肿瘤支持细胞。事实上，缺氧和 M2 样巨噬细胞的存在与胶质瘤的恶性程度和预后不良相关。抗氧化剂作为营养补充剂可能具有抗肿瘤活性。Ocoxin®口服液（OOS）尤其具有抗炎和抗氧化特性，以及在多种肿瘤中具有抗肿瘤特性，而没有已知的副作用。在这里，我们描述了 OOS 如何影响某些 GBM 中的干细胞特性，从而减缓其肿瘤生长。同时，OOS 对巨噬细胞极化有直接影响，并抑制 M2 巨噬细胞的促肿瘤特征。因此，OOS 可以作为 GBM 治疗中联合治疗的可行候选药物，因为它可以靶向具有高度弹性的 CSCs 及其支持性免疫微环境，而不会给常规治疗增加毒性。
