Mobbs Dean
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences and Computation and Neural Systems Program at the California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, HSS 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018 Dec;24:32-37. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2018.02.008. Epub 2018 Mar 20.
The natural world presents a myriad of dangers that can threaten an organism's survival. This diversity of threats is matched by a set of universal and species specific defensive behaviors which are often subsumed under the emotions of fear and anxiety. A major issue in the field of affective science, however, is that these emotions are often conflated and scientists fail to reflect the ecological conditions that gave rise to them. I attempt to clarify these semantic issues by describing the link between ethologically defined defensive strategies and fear. This in turn, provides a clearer differentiation between fears, the contexts that evoke them and how they are organized within defensive survival circuits.
自然界存在着无数可能威胁生物体生存的危险。这种威胁的多样性与一系列普遍的和特定物种的防御行为相匹配，这些行为通常被归入恐惧和焦虑情绪之中。然而，情感科学领域的一个主要问题是，这些情绪常常被混为一谈，科学家们未能反映出产生这些情绪的生态条件。我试图通过描述从行为学角度定义的防御策略与恐惧之间的联系来澄清这些语义问题。这反过来又能更清晰地区分恐惧、引发恐惧的情境以及它们在防御生存回路中的组织方式。
