Department of Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Ambio. 2020 Feb;49(2):569-583. doi: 10.1007/s13280-019-01223-9. Epub 2019 Aug 31.
Stormwater green infrastructure (GI) has the potential to provide ecosystem services (ES) that are currently lacking in many urban environments. Nevertheless, while stormwater GI presents a major opportunity for cities to enhance urban ES, there is insufficient evidence to link the complex social and ecological benefits of ES to different GI types for holistic urban planning. This study used an expert opinion methodology to identify linkages between 22 ES and 14 GI types within a New York City context. An analysis of results from five interdisciplinary workshops engaging 46 academic experts reveals that expert judgement of ES benefits is highest for larger green spaces, which are not universally considered for stormwater management, and lowest for vacant land and non-vegetated GI types. Overall, cultural services were identified as those most universally provided by GI. The results of this study highlight potential significant variations in ES benefits between different GI types, and indicate the importance of considering cultural services in future GI research and planning efforts. In the current absence of robust quantitive measurements linking ES and stormwater GI, increased qualitative insight could be obtained by expanding the methodology used in this work to include non-academic experts and other urban stakeholders. We therefore offer recommendations and learnings based on our experience with the approach.
雨水绿色基础设施 (GI) 具有提供生态系统服务 (ES) 的潜力，而这些服务目前在许多城市环境中都缺乏。然而，尽管雨水 GI 为城市提供了增强城市 ES 的重要机会，但目前还没有足够的证据将 ES 的复杂社会和生态效益与不同的 GI 类型联系起来，以进行整体的城市规划。本研究采用专家意见方法，在纽约市背景下确定了 22 种 ES 和 14 种 GI 类型之间的联系。对涉及 46 名学术专家的五个跨学科研讨会的结果进行分析表明，对于大型绿色空间，即普遍不用于雨水管理的空间，专家对 ES 效益的判断最高，而对于空地和非植被 GI 类型，专家对 ES 效益的判断最低。总体而言，文化服务被认为是 GI 最普遍提供的服务。本研究的结果突出了不同 GI 类型之间 ES 效益的潜在显著差异，并表明在未来的 GI 研究和规划工作中考虑文化服务的重要性。在目前缺乏将 ES 和雨水 GI 联系起来的可靠定量测量的情况下，可以通过扩展本研究中使用的方法来包括非学术专家和其他城市利益相关者，从而获得更多的定性见解。因此，我们根据我们在该方法方面的经验提出了建议和经验教训。
