Redondo Beatriz, Molina Rubén, Cano-Rodríguez Andrea, Vera Jesús, García José Antonio, Muñoz-Hoyos Antonio, Jiménez Raimundo
Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Neuropediatric Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Optom Vis Sci. 2019 Sep;96(9):655-663. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001416.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been commonly associated with alterations in visual perception. However, the individual behavior of visual perceptual skills and its relationship with different comorbidities remain unknown.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether visual perceptual skills are impaired in children with ADHD, as well as to test the possible mediating role of comorbidities.
Thirty-five nonmedicated ADHD (20 pure and 15 with comorbidities) and 35 age-matched controls completed the performance-based Test of Visual Perceptual Skills.
The analysis between total ADHD and controls favored the alternative hypothesis (greater values for children with ADHD) for visual memory, spatial relationships, sequential memory, and all the composite measures (Bayes factor [BF] range, 4.26 to 366.85). The analysis between pure ADHD and controls showed that data are more likely under the alternative hypothesis for spatial relationships, sequential memory, overall, basic, and sequencing (BF range, 3.82 to 21.71), whereas the comparison between ADHD with comorbidities and controls additionally favored the alternative hypothesis for visual discrimination (BF = 5.37). Lastly, data from the comparison between pure ADHD and ADHD with comorbidities were insensitive for favoring the null or alternative hypotheses in any subtest or composite scaled score (BF range, 0.33 to 0.66).
Our results suggest that some specific patterns of visual perception are altered in ADHD, especially for the total ADHD group. The current findings also evidence that comorbidities play an important role in the association between ADHD and visual perceptual skills. Future studies should address the mediating role of each specific type of comorbidity.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）通常与视觉感知改变有关。然而，视觉感知技能的个体行为及其与不同共病的关系仍不清楚。
本研究的目的是检查ADHD儿童的视觉感知技能是否受损，并测试共病可能的中介作用。
35名未用药的ADHD儿童（20名单纯型和15名合并共病型）和35名年龄匹配的对照组儿童完成了基于表现的视觉感知技能测试。
ADHD儿童总体与对照组之间的分析支持备择假设（ADHD儿童得分更高），涉及视觉记忆、空间关系、序列记忆以及所有综合测量指标（贝叶斯因子[BF]范围为4.26至366.85）。单纯ADHD儿童与对照组之间的分析表明，对于空间关系、序列记忆、总体、基本和排序方面的数据，备择假设下的可能性更大（BF范围为3.82至21.71），而合并共病的ADHD儿童与对照组之间的比较还支持视觉辨别方面的备择假设（BF = 5.37）。最后，单纯ADHD儿童与合并共病的ADHD儿童之间比较的数据，在任何子测试或综合量表得分中，对支持原假设或备择假设都不敏感（BF范围为0.33至0.66）。
我们的结果表明，ADHD儿童存在一些特定的视觉感知模式改变，尤其是ADHD儿童总体。目前的研究结果还证明，共病在ADHD与视觉感知技能之间的关联中起重要作用。未来的研究应探讨每种特定类型共病的中介作用。
