Hanson Natalie, Gfeller Kate, Woodworth George, Swanson Elizabeth A, Garand Linda
School of Music, University of Iowa.
School of Music and Department, of Speech Pathology and Audiology, University of Iowa.
J Music Ther. 1996 Summer;33(2):93-123. doi: 10.1093/jmt/33.2.93.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three different types of music activities (movement, rhythm, and singing) presented at two levels of difficulty (high demand and low demand) for persons at three stages of cognitive functioning (high, medium, and low) as a result of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD). Trained observers, using a time sampiing tool, documented the quality of participation of 51 persons with ADRD during 12 weeks of music therapy group sessions in 5 different treatment settings. Quality of participation was documented using the following five categories: high response, low response, passive Involvement, passive disruption, and active disruption. Participants at all three stages of cognitive functioning showed a significantly greater amount of high response during movement activities than during singing activities. A significantly greater amount of passivity occurred during singing activities than during movement activities. Participants were more purposefully involved in rhythm and singing activities when those activities were presented at lower levels of demand. Disruptive behaviors occurred less than 10% of the time but were more frequently observed among those persons in the group with the most cognitive dysfunction.
本研究的目的是比较针对因阿尔茨海默病及相关障碍（ADRD）导致处于认知功能三个阶段（高、中、低）的人群，在两种难度水平（高需求和低需求）下开展的三种不同类型音乐活动（动作、节奏和唱歌）的效果。经过培训的观察者使用时间抽样工具，记录了51名患有ADRD的患者在5种不同治疗环境中进行的为期12周的音乐治疗小组活动期间的参与质量。参与质量通过以下五个类别进行记录：高反应、低反应、被动参与、被动干扰和主动干扰。在认知功能的所有三个阶段，参与者在动作活动中的高反应量均显著高于唱歌活动。唱歌活动中的被动性显著高于动作活动。当节奏和唱歌活动以较低需求水平呈现时，参与者更有目的地参与其中。破坏性行为出现的时间少于10%，但在认知功能障碍最严重的小组人群中观察到的频率更高。
