Taha El-Kazafy A, Al-Kahtani Saad, Taha Reda
Arid Land Agriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture & Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2019 Feb;26(2):232-237. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Jun 2.
Protein content and amino acids composition of bee-pollens from major pollen floral sources in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia were determined to investigate the nutritive value of pollen protein relative to requirements of honeybees and adult humans. The major pollen sources were alfalfa, date palm, rape, summer squash, and sunflower. Bee-pollens from alfalfa and date palm showed high content of crude protein and amino acid concentrations. Bee-pollen from sunflower had low content of those components. Eighteen amino acids were found in bee-pollens from the five major floral sources. The highest concentrations of individual amino acids valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and proline were obtained from alfalfa bee-pollen; lysine, arginine, cysteine, tryptophan and tyrosine from date palm; methionine, histidine, glycine and alanine from summer squash; threonine, serine and glutamic acid from sunflower; and aspartic acid from rape bee-pollen. The amino acid composition obtained from sunflower bee-pollen showed the lowest concentrations of the essential amino acids: isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine and valine. Apart from methionine, arginine and isoleucine, the essential amino acids of bee-pollen from alfalfa, date palm, summer squash and rape exceeded the honeybees' requirements. Methionine was the limiting amino acid in bee-pollens from the five selected sources. Concentrations of essential amino acids in the tested bee-pollens were variable and significantly correlated to their botanical origin of pollen. Bee-pollens from alfalfa, date palm and summer squash was found to be rich source of protein and amino acids for bees and for humans.
测定了沙特阿拉伯艾卜哈主要花粉来源植物的蜂花粉蛋白质含量和氨基酸组成，以研究花粉蛋白质相对于蜜蜂和成年人类需求的营养价值。主要花粉来源为紫花苜蓿、枣椰树、油菜、西葫芦和向日葵。紫花苜蓿和枣椰树的蜂花粉粗蛋白和氨基酸含量较高。向日葵的蜂花粉这些成分含量较低。在这五种主要花粉来源植物的蜂花粉中发现了18种氨基酸。缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和脯氨酸等个别氨基酸的最高浓度来自紫花苜蓿蜂花粉；赖氨酸、精氨酸、半胱氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸来自枣椰树；蛋氨酸、组氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸来自西葫芦；苏氨酸、丝氨酸和谷氨酸来自向日葵；天冬氨酸来自油菜蜂花粉。向日葵蜂花粉的氨基酸组成显示必需氨基酸浓度最低：异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸和缬氨酸。除蛋氨酸、精氨酸和异亮氨酸外，紫花苜蓿、枣椰树、西葫芦和油菜蜂花粉的必需氨基酸超过了蜜蜂的需求。蛋氨酸是所选五种来源蜂花粉中的限制氨基酸。测试蜂花粉中必需氨基酸的浓度各不相同，且与花粉的植物来源显著相关。紫花苜蓿、枣椰树和西葫芦的蜂花粉被发现是蜜蜂和人类蛋白质和氨基酸的丰富来源。
