Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia.
South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, CZ-389 01, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Nov;26(31):31812-31821. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06290-9. Epub 2019 Sep 5.
Various types of micropollutants, e.g., pharmaceuticals and their metabolites and resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms, are usually found in hospital wastewaters. The aim of this paper was to study the presence of 74 frequently used pharmaceuticals, legal and illegal drugs, and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in 5 hospital wastewaters in Slovakia and Czechia and to compare the efficiency of several advanced oxidations processes (AOPs) for sanitation and treatment of such highly polluted wastewaters. The occurrence of micropollutants and antibiotic-resistant bacteria was investigated by in-line SPE-LC-MS/MS technique and cultivation on antibiotic and antibiotic-free selective diagnostic media, respectively. The highest maximum concentrations were found for cotinine (6700 ng/L), bisoprolol (5200 ng/L), metoprolol (2600 ng/L), tramadol (2400 ng/L), sulfamethoxazole (1500 ng/L), and ranitidine (1400 ng/L). In the second part of the study, different advanced oxidation processes, modified Fenton reaction, ferrate(VI), and oxidation by boron-doped diamond electrode were tested in order to eliminate the abovementioned pollutants. Obtained results indicate that the modified Fenton reaction and application of boron-doped diamond electrode were able to eliminate almost the whole spectrum of selected micropollutants with efficiency higher than 90%. All studied methods achieved complete removal of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria present in hospital wastewaters.
各种类型的微污染物，如药品及其代谢物和耐药的致病性微生物，通常存在于医院废水中。本文的目的是研究 5 家斯洛伐克和捷克医院废水中 74 种常用药品、合法和非法药物以及抗生素耐药细菌的存在情况，并比较几种高级氧化工艺（AOP）对这种高度污染废水的消毒和处理的效率。通过在线 SPE-LC-MS/MS 技术和在抗生素和无抗生素选择性诊断培养基上培养，分别研究了微污染物和抗生素耐药细菌的存在情况。最大浓度最高的是可替宁（6700ng/L）、比索洛尔（5200ng/L）、美托洛尔（2600ng/L）、曲马多（2400ng/L）、磺胺甲恶唑（1500ng/L）和雷尼替丁（1400ng/L）。在研究的第二部分，为了消除上述污染物，测试了不同的高级氧化工艺，即改良芬顿反应、高铁酸盐（VI）和掺硼金刚石电极氧化。结果表明，改良芬顿反应和掺硼金刚石电极的应用能够有效地消除所选微污染物的全谱，效率高于 90%。所有研究的方法都能完全去除医院废水中存在的抗生素耐药细菌。
