中国西南地区黑骨羊和黑山羊中十二指肠贾第虫的发生和多位点基因分型。
Occurrence and multilocus genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in black-boned sheep and goats in southwestern China.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Mar 13;12(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3367-1.
BACKGROUND
Giardia duodenalis is an important intestinal protozoan infecting both humans and animals, causing significant public health concern and immeasurable economic losses to animal husbandry. Sheep and goats have been reported as common reservoirs of G. duodenalis, but only a limited amount of information is available for native breeds of these small ruminants in China. The present study investigated the prevalence and multilocus genotypes of G. duodenalis in black-boned sheep and goats, two important native breeds in Yunnan Province, southwestern China.
METHODS
Fecal samples were collected from 336 black-boned goats and 325 black-boned sheep from five counties (Meishui, Shanshu, Shilin, Yongsheng and Nanping) of Yunnan Province and the genomic DNA was extracted from these feces. The prevalence of G. duodenalis was determined by the nested PCR targeting the β-giardin (bg) gene. The assemblages and multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were investigated based on analyses of three genetic loci, i.e. bg, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi).
RESULTS
Giardia duodenalis infection was detected in both black-boned sheep and goats, and the prevalence of G. duodenalis in black-boned sheep (21.8%, 71/325) was significantly higher (χ = 36.63, df = 1, P < 0.001) than that in black-boned goats (4.8%, 16/336). Significant differences in prevalence were also observed in goats and sheep from different counties (χ = 39.83, df = 4, P < 0.001) and age groups (χ = 97.33, df = 3, P < 0.001). Zoonotic assemblage A and animal-specific assemblage E were identified in both black-boned sheep and goats with the latter as the predominant assemblage. Based on sequences obtained from the three genetic loci (bg, gdh and tpi), 16 MLGs were obtained in black-boned sheep and goats, including 15 MLGs in assemblage E and one MLG in assemblage A.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results not only extended the host range of G. duodenalis, but also revealed high genetic variations in G. duodenalis assemblages. The findings of the present study also provide baseline data for preventing and controlling G. duodenalis infection in black-boned sheep and goats in Yunnan Province.
背景
蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫是一种重要的肠道原生动物，感染人类和动物，对公共卫生造成重大关注，并给畜牧业造成巨大的经济损失。绵羊和山羊已被报道为蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的常见宿主，但中国对这些小反刍动物的本地品种的信息有限。本研究调查了中国西南部云南省黑骨羊和黑骨山羊两种重要本地品种中蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的流行情况和多位点基因型。
方法
从云南省五个县（梅水、束水、石林、永胜和南平）的 336 只黑骨山羊和 325 只黑骨绵羊中采集粪便样本，并从这些粪便中提取基因组 DNA。通过针对β-微管蛋白（bg）基因的巢式 PCR 确定蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的流行情况。根据三个遗传基因座，即 bg、谷氨酸脱氢酶（gdh）和磷酸丙糖异构酶（tpi）的分析，研究了种群和多位点基因型（MLGs）。
结果
在黑骨羊和黑骨山羊中均检测到蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染，黑骨绵羊（21.8%，71/325）的蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染率明显高于黑骨山羊（4.8%，16/336）（χ²=36.63，df=1，P<0.001）。不同县（χ²=39.83，df=4，P<0.001）和年龄组（χ²=97.33，df=3，P<0.001）的山羊和绵羊的感染率也存在显著差异。在黑骨绵羊和黑骨山羊中均鉴定出了动物源性种群 A 和动物特异性种群 E，后者是主要种群。基于三个遗传基因座（bg、gdh 和 tpi）获得的序列，在黑骨绵羊和黑骨山羊中获得了 16 个 MLGs，其中包括种群 E 的 15 个 MLGs 和种群 A 的 1 个 MLG。
结论
本研究结果不仅扩展了蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫的宿主范围，还揭示了蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫种群的高度遗传变异。本研究的发现还为云南省黑骨绵羊和黑骨山羊蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染的预防和控制提供了基线数据。
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