Centre for Environment and Population Health, School of Medicine, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
Health Promot Int. 2020 Oct 1;35(5):1220-1229. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daz091.
Although many literature reviews synthesize literature regarding workplace health promotion (WHP) interventions, systematic reviews on the effectiveness of and factors influencing the operation of WHP activities in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are scarce. Therefore, we systematically reviewed evaluation studies to examine the effectiveness and factors related to the implementation of WHP programmes in LMIC. Twenty-six peer-reviewed and grey evaluation studies, published before November 2017, were included from electronic databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Web of Science) and manual searching. The results revealed that WHP intervention in LMIC was effective in reducing health risks in a wide range of industries and settings, including in resource-poor contexts such as small enterprises and the manufacturing industry. The main factors positively influencing the effectiveness of the intervention are long intervention time period, and needs-based and active intervention strategies. In addition, commitment from workplace leaders, the involvement of workers and support from authorities and professionals are factors contributing to a successful WHP programme. However, the evidence regarding the effectiveness of WHP in LMIC regarding the health outcomes and business productivity is inconclusive due to the several remaining methodological limitations. Future developments of more rigorous methods of evaluating the effectiveness of WHP activities should be addressed to produce higher-quality evidence that would inform future practice.
尽管许多文献综述综合了有关工作场所健康促进（WHP）干预措施的文献，但关于中低收入国家（LMIC）中 WHP 活动的有效性和运作影响因素的系统评价却很少。因此，我们系统地回顾了评估研究，以考察 LMIC 中 WHP 计划的实施效果和相关因素。从电子数据库（PubMed、The Cochrane Library、PsycINFO、EMBASE 和 Web of Science）和手动搜索中纳入了 26 篇经过同行评审和灰色评价研究，这些研究发表于 2017 年 11 月之前。研究结果表明，在 LMIC 中实施 WHP 干预措施在广泛的行业和环境中降低健康风险是有效的，包括资源匮乏的环境，如小企业和制造业。积极影响干预效果的主要因素是干预时间长、基于需求和积极的干预策略。此外，工作场所领导的承诺、工人的参与以及当局和专业人员的支持是 WHP 计划成功的因素。然而，由于存在一些方法学上的局限性，关于 WHP 在 LMIC 中对健康结果和生产力的有效性的证据尚不确定。未来应采用更严格的方法来评估 WHP 活动的有效性，以提供更高质量的证据，为未来的实践提供信息。
