Bastidas Carlos A, Villacrés-Granda Irina, Navarrete Daniela, Monsalve Mishell, Coral-Almeida Marco, Cifuentes Sara G
Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencias Aplicadas, Biotecnología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
Laboratorios de Investigación, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador.
Infect Drug Resist. 2019 Aug 16;12:2553-2560. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S219358. eCollection 2019.
is a common nasal colonizer in 20-30% of the general population. When mucosal and cutaneous barriers are disrupted, can cause severe infections. While MRSA nasal carriers have an increased risk of infections when compared to non-carriers, prolonged exposure to the hospital environment may cause an increase in carriage of MRSA.
A survey questionnaire was filled for analyzing risk factors of colonization. Swab isolates were identified as by traditional microbiological assays. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were performed following the CLSI standard guidelines. Multiplex PCR was conducted to determine the presence of genes and . Chi-squared, univariate, and multivariate logistic regressions were applied to find statistically significant associations between risk factors and the presence of and MRSA.
One hundred and eighty-six isolates were identified as . The strains showed high resistance to penicillin, oxacillin, azithromycin, erythromycin, clindamycin (inducible), and tetracycline. The overall prevalence of MRSA in medical students was 45.9% [40.4-51.6] 95% CI. PCR showed a prevalence of gene in MRSA isolates of 6.1% while gene was present in 3.2% [1.2-6.9] 95% CI of the samples. The risk factors frequency of antibiotic intake and repeated visits to hospitals demonstrated statistical significance.
and MRSA isolates have a high prevalence of colonization, and antibiotic resistance in the population studied. MRSA resistance was not related to the presence of the gene. The prevalence of genes was low, but it could represent a risk because they are circulating in the community.
在20%-30%的普通人群中是常见的鼻腔定植菌。当黏膜和皮肤屏障被破坏时，可导致严重感染。虽然与非携带者相比，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）鼻腔携带者感染风险增加，但长期暴露于医院环境可能导致MRSA定植增加。
填写调查问卷以分析定植的危险因素。通过传统微生物学检测将拭子分离株鉴定为 。按照临床和实验室标准协会（CLSI）标准指南进行抗生素敏感性分析。进行多重聚合酶链反应（PCR）以确定基因 和 的存在情况。应用卡方检验、单因素和多因素逻辑回归分析来寻找危险因素与 和MRSA存在之间的统计学显著关联。
186株分离株被鉴定为 。这些菌株对青霉素、苯唑西林、阿奇霉素、红霉素、克林霉素（诱导型）和四环素表现出高度耐药性。医学生中MRSA的总体患病率为45.9% [40.4-51.6] 95%置信区间。PCR显示MRSA分离株中基因 的患病率为6.1%，而在 样本的3.2% [1.2-6.9] 95%置信区间中存在基因 。抗生素摄入和反复住院的危险因素频率具有统计学意义。
和MRSA分离株在研究人群中的定植率和抗生素耐药率都很高。MRSA耐药性与基因 的存在无关。基因 的患病率较低，但因其在社区中传播可能代表一种风险。
