平衡训练与增强式训练的封闭序列与交替序列对青少年足球运动员体能的影响。
Effects of a blocked versus an alternated sequence of balance and plyometric training on physical performance in youth soccer players.
作者信息
Muehlbauer Thomas, Wagner Vincent, Brueckner Dennis, Schedler Simon, Schwiertz Gerrit, Kiss Rainer, Hagen Marco
机构信息
1Division of Movement and Training Sciences/Biomechanics of Sport, University of Duisburg-Essen, Gladbecker Str. 182, 45141 Essen, Germany.
Department of Health and Social Affairs, FHM Bielefeld - University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany.
出版信息
BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2019 Sep 2;11:18. doi: 10.1186/s13102-019-0131-y. eCollection 2019.
BACKGROUND
The sequence of blocked balance training (BT) followed by blocked plyometric training (PT) showed greater improvements in physical performance than vice versa and is explained by a preconditioning effect of BT-related adaptations on subsequent adaptations induced by PT. However, it remains unclear whether beneficial effects can also be induced using alternating instead of blocked BT and PT exercise sequences. Thus, we examined the effects of a blocked versus an alternated sequence of BT and PT on physical performance in trained individuals.
METHODS
Twenty young soccer players (13 years) were randomly assigned to a blocked ( = 10) or an alternated ( = 10) intervention group. Both groups trained balance and plyometric exercises for six weeks (two sessions/week). The exercises were conducted in a blocked (three weeks of BT followed by three weeks of PT) or an alternated sequence (weekly change of BT and PT). Assessment of pre- and post-training performance included measures of balance, muscle power, speed, and agility.
RESULTS
Mainly significant main effects of Test (i.e., pre- to post-test improvements) were observed for the Y-balance test ( ≤ 0.014, 1.3 ≤ Cohen's ≤ 1.81), the squat jump ( = 0.029, = 1.36), the countermovement jump ( = 0.002, = 2.21), the drop jump ( = 0.004, = 1.96), the split times/total time over 15-m sprinting ( ≤ 0.001, 2.02 ≤ ≤ 3.08), and the figure-T agility run ( < 0.001, = 3.80). Further, tendencies toward significant Test x Group interactions were found for several items of the Y-balance test and for SJ height in favor of the blocked BTPT group.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results indicate that the combined training of balance and plyometric exercises is effective to improve proxies of physical performance in youth soccer players. In addition, there is a limited advantage in some parameters of balance and muscle power for the blocked as compared to the alternated sequence of BT and PT.
背景
先进行闭锁式平衡训练（BT），再进行闭锁式增强式训练（PT）的训练顺序比相反顺序能带来更大的身体机能提升，这可以用BT相关适应对PT诱导的后续适应的预处理效应来解释。然而，尚不清楚使用交替而非闭锁式的BT和PT训练顺序是否也能产生有益效果。因此，我们研究了闭锁式与交替式BT和PT训练顺序对受过训练个体身体机能的影响。
方法
20名年轻足球运动员（13岁）被随机分配到闭锁式（n = 10）或交替式（n = 10）干预组。两组均进行为期六周的平衡和增强式训练（每周两次训练）。训练以闭锁式（三周BT训练后接三周PT训练）或交替式顺序（每周交替进行BT和PT训练）进行。训练前后的表现评估包括平衡、肌肉力量、速度和敏捷性测量。
结果
在Y平衡测试（p≤0.014，1.3≤科恩d≤1.81）、深蹲跳（p = 0.029，d = 1.36）、反向纵跳（p = 0.002，d = 2.21）、跳深（p = 0.004，d = 1.9）、15米短跑的分段时间/总时间（p≤0.001，2.02≤d≤3.08）以及T字敏捷跑（p<0.001，d = 3.80）中，主要观察到测试（即训练前到训练后的改善）的显著主效应。此外，在Y平衡测试的几个项目和深蹲跳高度方面，发现了显著的测试×组交互作用趋势，有利于闭锁式BTPT组。
结论
我们的结果表明，平衡和增强式训练相结合对提高青少年足球运动员的身体机能指标是有效的。此外，与BT和PT的交替顺序相比，闭锁式顺序在一些平衡和肌肉力量参数方面有有限的优势。
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