Department of Biotechnology, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
Bioorg Chem. 2019 Nov;92:103214. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103214. Epub 2019 Aug 21.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNAs whose transcripts are longer than 200nt in length and lack the ability to encode proteins due to lack of specific open reading frames. lncRNAs were once thought to represent transcriptome noise or garbage sequences and a byproduct of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), and thereby ignored by researchers. In fact, lncRNA was involved in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes in organisms. Comprehensive study of lncRNA does not only provide explanations to the physiological and pathological processes of living organisms, but also gives us new perspectives to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of some clinical diseases. Therefore, the study of lncRNA is a very broad field of great research value and significance.
This article reviews the function of lncRNAs and their role in major human diseases.
Numerous studies show that lncRNA might serve as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. Compared to conventional biomarkers, lncRNA seems to have a higher diagnostic and prognostic values, not only because of their tissue and disease specific expression patterns, but also due to their highly stable physical and chemical properties.
长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）是指转录本长度大于 200nt 且由于缺乏特定的开放阅读框而无法编码蛋白质的 RNA。lncRNA 曾经被认为代表了转录组噪声或垃圾序列以及 RNA 聚合酶 II（Pol II）的副产物，因此被研究人员忽视。事实上，lncRNA 参与了生物体中广泛的生理和病理过程。对 lncRNA 的全面研究不仅为生物体的生理和病理过程提供了解释，也为某些临床疾病的诊断、预防和治疗提供了新的视角。因此，lncRNA 的研究是一个非常广阔的领域，具有很大的研究价值和意义。
本文综述了 lncRNAs 的功能及其在人类重大疾病中的作用。
大量研究表明，lncRNA 可能作为各种疾病诊断和预后的生物标志物。与传统的生物标志物相比，lncRNA 似乎具有更高的诊断和预后价值，这不仅是因为它们具有组织和疾病特异性的表达模式，还因为它们具有高度稳定的物理和化学性质。
