IPMA-Portuguese Institute of the Sea and Atmosphere, Av. Brasília, 1449-006, Lisbon, Portugal.
Regional Fisheries Management-Madeira Government, DSI-DRP, Estrada da Pontinha, 9004-562, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.
Mar Environ Res. 2019 Oct;151:104780. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104780. Epub 2019 Sep 3.
The presence in EU waters of invasive tetrodotoxin (TTX) -harbouring puffer fishes has been receiving increasingly attention due to potential new threats posed by this potent neurotoxin. The present study investigates the occurrence of tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin (STX), and their analogues in two native puffer fish species from the NE Atlantic. High TTX content was detected by LC-MS/MS in several tissues of the Guinean puffer Sphoeroides marmoratus from Madeira Island (Portugal), reaching concentrations as high as 15 mg TTX kg in the digestive tract of a male specimen and 7.4 mg TTX kg in gonads of a female specimen. Several TTX analogues were also detected, including the 4-epi-TTX, 4,9-Anhydro-TTX, 5- 11- deoxyTTX and 6,11-dideoxyTTX. Although at low levels, STX was detected in liver of the Oceanic puffer Lagocephalus lagocephalus. Trace levels of decarbamoylsaxitoxin (dcSTX) were also observed in L. lagocephalus. This study reports the presence of TTX and STX in native fish from EU waters, highlighting the need for a proper understating of the origin, distribution and fate of these toxins in NE Atlantic.
由于这种强效神经毒素可能带来新的潜在威胁，在欧盟水域存在携带河豚毒素 (TTX) 的入侵性河豚鱼受到了越来越多的关注。本研究调查了两种来自北大西洋的本地河豚鱼中河豚毒素、石房蛤毒素 (STX) 及其类似物的存在情况。通过 LC-MS/MS 在来自葡萄牙马德拉岛的几内亚河豚 Sphoeroides marmoratus 的几种组织中检测到高 TTX 含量，雄性样本的消化道中 TTX 含量高达 15mg/kg，雌性样本的性腺中 TTX 含量高达 7.4mg/kg。还检测到几种 TTX 类似物，包括 4-表-TTX、4,9-脱水-TTX、5-11-去氧 TTX 和 6,11-去氧 TTX。尽管含量很低，但在 Oceanic puffer Lagocephalus lagocephalus 的肝脏中检测到了 STX。在 L. lagocephalus 中还观察到痕量的去甲磺酰石房蛤毒素 (dcSTX)。本研究报告了在来自欧盟水域的本地鱼类中存在 TTX 和 STX，这凸显了需要正确了解这些毒素在北大西洋的来源、分布和命运。
