虚拟现实中的运动技能习得可在现实世界中持续转移。
Locomotor skill acquisition in virtual reality shows sustained transfer to the real world.
机构信息
Division of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, 1540 E. Alcazar St, CHP 155, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
出版信息
J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2019 Sep 14;16(1):113. doi: 10.1186/s12984-019-0584-y.
BACKGROUND
Virtual reality (VR) is a potentially promising tool for enhancing real-world locomotion in individuals with mobility impairment through its ability to provide personalized performance feedback and simulate real-world challenges. However, it is unknown whether novel locomotor skills learned in VR show sustained transfer to the real world. Here, as an initial step towards developing a VR-based clinical intervention, we study how young adults learn and transfer a treadmill-based virtual obstacle negotiation skill to the real world.
METHODS
On Day 1, participants crossed virtual obstacles while walking on a treadmill, with the instruction to minimize foot clearance during obstacle crossing. Gradual changes in performance during training were fit via non-linear mixed effect models. Immediate transfer was measured by foot clearance during physical obstacle crossing while walking over-ground. Retention of the obstacle negotiation skill in VR and retention of over-ground transfer were assessed after 24 h.
RESULTS
On Day 1, participants systematically reduced foot clearance throughout practice by an average of 5 cm (SD 4 cm) and transferred 3 cm (SD 1 cm) of this reduction to over-ground walking. The acquired reduction in foot clearance was also retained after 24 h in VR and over-ground. There was only a small, but significant 0.8 cm increase in foot clearance in VR and no significant increase in clearance over-ground on Day 2. Moreover, individual differences in final performance at the end of practice on Day 1 predicted retention both in VR and in the real environment.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, our results support the use of VR for locomotor training as skills learned in a virtual environment readily transfer to real-world locomotion. Future work is needed to determine if VR-based locomotor training leads to sustained transfer in clinical populations with mobility impairments, such as individuals with Parkinson's disease and stroke survivors.
背景
虚拟现实（VR）是一种有潜力的工具，可以通过提供个性化的表现反馈和模拟现实世界的挑战，来增强行动障碍个体的现实世界中的移动能力。然而，目前尚不清楚在 VR 中学习的新运动技能是否能持续转移到现实世界。在这里，作为开发基于 VR 的临床干预的初步步骤，我们研究了年轻人如何学习和将基于跑步机的虚拟障碍物穿越技能转移到现实世界。
方法
在第 1 天，参与者在跑步机上行走时穿越虚拟障碍物，指令是在障碍物穿越过程中尽量减少脚的离地间隙。通过非线性混合效应模型拟合训练过程中的性能逐渐变化。通过在地面行走时穿越物理障碍物时的脚离地间隙来测量即时转移。在 24 小时后评估 VR 中的障碍物穿越技能的保留和地面转移的保留。
结果
在第 1 天，参与者在整个练习过程中系统地将脚离地间隙平均减少 5 厘米（SD 4 厘米），并将这一减少量转移到地面行走中 3 厘米（SD 1 厘米）。在 24 小时后，在 VR 和地面上也保留了习得的脚离地间隙减少量。在 VR 中，脚离地间隙仅增加了 0.8 厘米，但具有统计学意义，而在地面上没有显著增加。此外，第 1 天练习结束时的最终表现的个体差异预测了 VR 和真实环境中的保留。
结论
总的来说，我们的结果支持使用 VR 进行运动训练，因为在虚拟环境中习得的技能可以很容易地转移到现实世界的运动中。需要进一步的工作来确定基于 VR 的运动训练是否会导致行动障碍患者（如帕金森病患者和中风幸存者）的持续转移。
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