Department of Plant and Soil Science Texas Tech University 215 Experimental Sciences Building, Lubbock, TX 806-834-6421, USA.
Plant Sci. 2019 Nov;288:110213. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110213. Epub 2019 Aug 7.
For a holistic approach in developing the stress-resilient crops of the 21 century, modern genomic biology will need to re-envision the underappreciated phenomena in classical genetics, and incorporate them into the new plant breeding paradigm. Advances in evolutionary genomics support a theory that genetic recombination under genome shock during hybridization of widely divergent parents is an important driver of adaptive speciation, by virtue of the novelties of rare hybrids and recombinants. The enormous potential of genetic network rewiring to generate developmental or physiological novelties with adaptive advantage to special ecological niches has been appreciated. Developmental and physiological reconfiguration through network rewiring involves intricate molecular synergies controlled both at the genetic and epigenetic levels, as typified by the phenomenon of transgressive segregation, observed in both natural and breeding populations. This paper presents modern views on the possible molecular underpinnings of transgressive phenotypes as they are created in plant breeding, expanded from classical explanations through the Omnigenic Theory for quantitative traits and modern paradigms of epigenetics. Perspectives on how genomic biology can fully exploit this phenomenon to create novel phenotypes beyond what could be achieved through the more reductionist approach of functional genomics are presented in context of genomic modeling.
为了在 21 世纪开发具有抗压能力的作物的整体方法，现代基因组生物学将需要重新审视经典遗传学中被低估的现象，并将它们纳入新的植物育种模式。进化基因组学的进展支持这样一种理论，即在广泛不同的亲本杂交过程中基因组冲击下的遗传重组是适应性物种形成的重要驱动因素，这是因为稀有杂种和重组体的新颖性。遗传网络重布线产生具有特殊生态位适应性优势的发育或生理新颖性的巨大潜力已经得到了认可。通过网络重布线进行的发育和生理重新配置涉及到受遗传和表观遗传水平控制的复杂分子协同作用，这一现象在自然和育种群体中都有观察到，即杂种优势现象。本文通过数量性状的全基因组理论和现代表观遗传学范式，从经典解释扩展，介绍了在植物育种中创建超亲表型的可能分子基础的现代观点。本文还从基因组建模的角度，介绍了基因组生物学如何充分利用这一现象来创造新的表型，而这些表型是通过功能基因组学的更简化方法无法实现的。
