Sports Medicine Program, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Norfolk, VA.
Department of Pediatrics, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk.
J Athl Train. 2019 Oct;54(10):1021-1029. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-394-18. Epub 2019 Sep 18.
Data on the psychosocial implications of sport specialization in pediatric athletes are lacking. Sport specialization often requires increased training hours and may predispose young athletes to social isolation, poor academic performance, increased anxiety, greater stress, inadequate sleep, decreased family time, and burnout. Sport specialization frequently introduces multiple stressors that could be expected to adversely affect mental health and function in young athletes and may increase the risk for burnout. This may be confounded by altered sleep duration and quality, increased drive for elite status, and perfectionistic personality types. The signs and symptoms of burnout in young athletes can be difficult to detect. It is important to be aware of the possible diagnosis of burnout in young athletes who display vague symptoms and a decrease in academic performance. The purpose of this review was to survey the available literature on sport specialization in young athletes and its association with mental health, sleep, the drive for success in sport, and burnout.
关于运动专业化对儿科运动员的心理社会影响的数据尚缺乏。运动专业化通常需要增加训练时间，可能使年轻运动员容易产生社交孤立、学业成绩不佳、焦虑增加、压力更大、睡眠不足、与家人相处时间减少以及精疲力竭。运动专业化经常引入多种压力源，这些压力源可能会对年轻运动员的心理健康和功能产生不利影响，并可能增加精疲力竭的风险。这可能会因睡眠时间和质量的改变、对精英地位的强烈追求以及完美主义人格类型而变得复杂。年轻运动员精疲力竭的迹象和症状可能难以察觉。对于表现出模糊症状和学业成绩下降的年轻运动员，注意可能的精疲力竭诊断很重要。本综述的目的是调查有关年轻运动员运动专业化及其与心理健康、睡眠、运动成功的驱动力和精疲力竭之间关系的现有文献。
