Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA.
Entropealabs, Chicago, IL 60626, USA.
Sensors (Basel). 2019 Sep 18;19(18):4017. doi: 10.3390/s19184017.
This work demonstrates an open-source hardware and software platform for monitoring the performance of buildings, called , that is designed to provide data on indoor environmental quality, energy usage, HVAC operation, and other factors to its users. It combines: (i) custom printed circuit boards (PCBs) with RFM69 frequency shift keying (FSK) radio frequency (RF) transceivers for wireless sensors, control nodes, and USB gateway, (ii) a Raspberry Pi 3B with custom firmware acting as either a centralized or distributed backhaul, and (iii) a custom dockerized application for the backend called that serves as the director software managing message brokering via Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol using VerneMQ, database storage using InfluxDB, and data visualization using Grafana. The platform is built around the idea of a private, secure, and open technology for the built environment. Among its many applications, the platform allows occupants to investigate anomalies in energy usage, environmental quality, and thermal performance via a comprehensive dashboard with rich querying capabilities. It also includes multiple frontends to view and analyze building activity data, which can be used directly in building controls or to provide recommendations on how to increase operational efficiency or improve operating conditions. Here, we demonstrate three distinct applications of the platform, including: (1) deployment in a research lab for long-term data collection and automated analysis, (2) use as a full-home energy and environmental monitoring solution, and (3) fault and anomaly detection and diagnostics of individual building systems at the zone-level. Through these applications we demonstrate that the platform allows easy and virtually unlimited datalogging, monitoring, and analysis of real-time sensor data with low setup costs. Low-power sensor nodes placed in abundance in a building can also provide precise and immediate fault-detection, allowing for tuning equipment for more efficient operation and faster maintenance during the lifetime of the building.
本工作展示了一个名为 的用于监测建筑物性能的开源硬件和软件平台,旨在为用户提供有关室内环境质量、能源使用、暖通空调运行和其他因素的数据。它结合了:(i) 带有 RFM69 频移键控 (FSK) 射频 (RF) 收发器的定制印刷电路板 (PCB),用于无线传感器、控制节点和 USB 网关,(ii) 带有自定义固件的 Raspberry Pi 3B,充当集中式或分布式回程,以及 (iii) 一个名为 的自定义 Docker 化后端应用程序,作为管理通过消息队列遥测传输 (MQTT) 协议使用 VerneMQ 进行消息代理的主任软件、使用 InfluxDB 进行数据库存储以及使用 Grafana 进行数据可视化的软件。该平台基于私有、安全和开放的建筑环境技术理念构建。在其众多应用中,该平台允许居住者通过具有丰富查询功能的综合仪表板调查能源使用、环境质量和热性能方面的异常。它还包括多个前端来查看和分析建筑物活动数据,这些数据可直接用于建筑物控制,或提供有关如何提高运营效率或改善运行条件的建议。在这里,我们展示了 平台的三个不同应用,包括:(1) 在研究实验室中进行长期数据收集和自动化分析的部署,(2) 作为全家居能源和环境监测解决方案的使用,以及 (3) 区域级别的单个建筑物系统的故障和异常检测和诊断。通过这些应用,我们证明了该平台允许轻松且几乎无限制地记录、监测和分析具有低设置成本的实时传感器数据。在建筑物中大量放置低功耗传感器节点还可以提供精确和即时的故障检测,从而可以为设备进行调优,以实现更高效的运行,并在建筑物的使用寿命内更快地进行维护。