College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
Jeju Marine Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea; Department of Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63349, Republic of Korea.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Nov;94:558-565. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.054. Epub 2019 Sep 20.
In this study, we demonstrate the enhanced disease resistance and positive immunomodulation of novel pectin isolated from Spirulina maxima (SmP) in zebrafish model. Zebrafish larvae exposed to SmP had significantly (p < 0.05) higher cumulative percent survival (CPS) at 25 (44.0%) and 50 μg/mL (67.0%) against Edwardsiella piscicida compared to the control. However, upon Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, SmP exposed larvae at 50 μg/mL had slightly higher CPS (33.3%) compared to control group (26.7%). SmP supplemented zebrafish exhibited the higher CPS against E. piscicida (93.3%) and A. hydrophila (60.0%) during the early stage of post-infection (<18 hpi). qRT-PCR results demonstrated that exposing (larvae) and feeding (adults) of SmP, drive the modulation of a wide array of immune response genes. In SmP exposed larvae, up-regulation of the antimicrobial enzyme (lyz: 3.5-fold), mucin (muc5.1: 2.84, muc5.2: 2.11 and muc5.3: 2.40-fold), pro-inflammatory cytokines (il1β: 1.79-fold) and anti-oxidants (cat: 2.87 and sod1: 1.82-fold) were identified. In SmP fed adult zebrafish (gut) showed >2-fold induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (il1β) and chemokines (cxcl18b, ccl34a.4 and ccl34b.4). Overall results confirmed the positive modulation of innate immune responses in larval stage and it could be the main reason for developing disease resistance against E. piscicida and A. hydrophila. Thus, non-toxic, natural and biodegradable SmP could be considered as the potential immunomodulatory agent for sustainable aquaculture.
在这项研究中，我们展示了从螺旋藻中分离得到的新型果胶（SmP）在斑马鱼模型中的增强疾病抵抗力和积极的免疫调节作用。与对照组相比，暴露于 SmP 的斑马鱼幼虫在 25（44.0%）和 50μg/mL（67.0%）时对爱德华氏菌的累积百分比存活率（CPS）显著提高（p<0.05）。然而，在受到嗜水气单胞菌的攻击时，暴露于 50μg/mL SmP 的幼虫的 CPS（33.3%）略高于对照组（26.7%）。在感染后早期（<18 hpi），补充 SmP 的斑马鱼对爱德华氏菌（93.3%）和嗜水气单胞菌（60.0%）的 CPS 更高。qRT-PCR 结果表明，暴露（幼虫）和喂养（成鱼）SmP 可驱动广泛的免疫反应基因的调节。在暴露于 SmP 的幼虫中，抗菌酶（lyz：3.5 倍）、粘蛋白（muc5.1：2.84、muc5.2：2.11 和 muc5.3：2.40 倍）、促炎细胞因子（il1β：1.79 倍）和抗氧化剂（cat：2.87 和 sod1：1.82 倍）的表达上调。在 SmP 喂养的成年斑马鱼（肠道）中，促炎细胞因子（il1β）和趋化因子（cxcl18b、ccl34a.4 和 ccl34b.4）的表达上调超过 2 倍。总体结果证实了幼虫阶段固有免疫反应的积极调节，这可能是其对爱德华氏菌和嗜水气单胞菌产生抗性的主要原因。因此，无毒、天然和可生物降解的 SmP 可被视为可持续水产养殖的潜在免疫调节剂。
