Shi Xiao-Li, He Yi-Lin, Ling Hong-Qing
State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing101408, China.
Yi Chuan. 2019 Sep 20;41(9):836-844. doi: 10.16288/j.yczz.19-233.
Wheat is one of the main food crops and widely grown in the world. It feeds more than 35% of the world's population. Obtaining high-quality genome sequences of wheat is important for its basic and breeding researches. However, the large and complex genome of wheat once led to its genome sequencing as an "impossible task". Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing and assembly technology, many wheat genome sequences have been released, and their sequencing and assembly quality is being improved continuously. In the last two years, five wheat reference genomes with different ploidy levels have been published, including two diploid ancestors Triticum urartu (AA) and Aegilops tauschii (DD), wild and cultivated tetraploid wheat T. turgidum ssp. dicoccoides (BBAA) and hexaploid wheat T. aestivum (BBAADD). Among them, the sequencing and analysis of the T. urartu genome, a donor of polyploid wheat A subgenome, was led by the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. In this review, we summarize the research progress on structure and evolution analyses of the T. urartu genome to provide some valuable information for promoting the basic and applied researches of wheat.
小麦是主要粮食作物之一，在全球广泛种植。它养活了世界上超过35%的人口。获得高质量的小麦基因组序列对其基础研究和育种研究至关重要。然而，小麦庞大而复杂的基因组曾使其基因组测序成为一项“不可能完成的任务”。近年来，随着高通量测序和组装技术的发展，许多小麦基因组序列已被公布，其测序和组装质量也在不断提高。在过去两年里，已发表了五个不同倍性水平的小麦参考基因组，包括两个二倍体祖先乌拉尔图小麦（AA）和节节麦（DD）、野生和栽培四倍体小麦圆锥小麦（BBAA）以及六倍体小麦普通小麦（BBAADD）。其中，多倍体小麦A亚基因组的供体乌拉尔图小麦基因组的测序和分析由中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所牵头。在这篇综述中，我们总结了乌拉尔图小麦基因组结构和进化分析的研究进展，为推动小麦的基础研究和应用研究提供一些有价值的信息。
